Open and closed cortico-subcortical loops: A neuro-computational account of access to consciousness in the distractor-induced blindness paradigm

Ebner, Christian; Schroll, Henning; Winther, Gesche N.; Niedeggen, Michael; Hamker, Fred H.

doi:10.1016/j.concog.2015.02.007

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…The extension of the distractor-induced blindness effect to color stimuli suggests that the inhibition process is not restricted to dynamic stimuli (i.e., motion, flips of orientation) analyzed primarily in the dorsal stream but also extends to features predominantly processed in the ventral stream. The assumption that a central inhibitory system (see Blasi et al, 2006;Roberts & Hall, 2008) is activated by distractors independent of the feature dimension has already been put forward in other studies (Cai & Leung, 2009;Lange-Malecki & Treue, 2012;Mao & Wang, 2007), and has also been implied in a computational model of distractorinduced blindness (Ebner, Schroll, Winther, Niedeggen, & Hamker, 2015).…”

Section: Implications Of the Present Study Regarding The Feature Admentioning

confidence: 95%

Adaptability and specificity of inhibition processes in distractor‐induced blindness

Winther

Niedeggen

2017

Psychophysiology

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In a rapid serial visual presentation task, inhibition processes cumulatively impair processing of a target possessing distractor properties. This phenomenon-known as distractor-induced blindness-has thus far only been elicited using dynamic visual features, such as motion and orientation changes. In three ERP experiments, we used a visual object feature-color-to test for the adaptability and specificity of the effect. In Experiment I, participants responded to a color change (target) in the periphery whose onset was signaled by a central cue. Presentation of irrelevant color changes prior to the cue (distractors) led to reduced target detection, accompanied by a frontal ERP negativity that increased with increasing number of distractors, similar to the effects previously found for dynamic targets. This suggests that distractor-induced blindness is adaptable to color features. In Experiment II, the target consisted of coherent motion contrasting the color distractors. Correlates of distractor-induced blindness were found neither in the behavioral nor in the ERP data, indicating a feature specificity of the process. Experiment III confirmed the strict distinction between congruent and incongruent distractors: A single color distractor was embedded in a stream of motion distractors with the target consisting of a coherent motion. While behavioral performance was affected by the distractors, the color distractor did not elicit a frontal negativity. The experiments show that distractor-induced blindness is also triggered by visual stimuli predominantly processed in the ventral stream. The strict specificity of the central inhibition process also applies to these stimulus features.

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Section: Implications Of the Present Study Regarding The Feature Admentioning

confidence: 95%

Adaptability and specificity of inhibition processes in distractor‐induced blindness

Winther

Niedeggen

2017

Psychophysiology

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“…Figure 3 shows how the cortical hierarchy is replicated in the basal ganglia. This set of subcortical structures has been implicated in working memory processes in a number of experimental 50 – 54 and theoretical 55 – 58 studies. The main input nucleus of the basal ganglia is the striatum (a structure which includes both the caudate and putamen).…”

Section: Anatomymentioning

confidence: 99%

Working memory, attention, and salience in active inference

Parr

Friston

2017

Sci Rep

186

174

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The psychological concepts of working memory and attention are widely used in the cognitive and neuroscientific literatures. Perhaps because of the interdisciplinary appeal of these concepts, the same terms are often used to mean very different things. Drawing on recent advances in theoretical neurobiology, this paper tries to highlight the correspondence between these established psychological constructs and the formal processes implicit in mathematical descriptions of brain function. Here, we consider attention and salience from the perspective offered by active inference. Using variational principles and simulations, we use active inference to demonstrate how attention and salience can be disambiguated in terms of message passing between populations of neurons in cortical and subcortical structures. In brief, we suggest that salience is something that is afforded to actions that realise epistemic affordance, while attention per se is afforded to precise sensory evidence – or beliefs about the causes of sensations.

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“…The computational mechanisms proposed to explain the mnemonic functions of the basal ganglia typically assume representation of memories elsewhere – typically in the frontal cortex ( Frank et al, 2001 ). The role of the basal ganglia, in these models, is to relieve inhibition of thalamocortical loops and allow updating of the cortical representations ( Frank et al, 2001 , Ebner et al, 2015 ). As dopamine modulates the balance between the disinhibitory direct and inhibitory indirect pathways, this neurotransmitter has been recruited to these models so that it can facilitate working memory updating.…”

Section: The Basal Ganglia and Eye Movementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The active construction of the visual world

Parr

Friston

2017

Neuropsychologia

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What we see is fundamentally dependent on where we look. Despite this seemingly obvious statement, many accounts of the neurobiology underpinning visual perception fail to consider the active nature of how we sample our sensory world. This review offers an overview of the neurobiology of visual perception, which begins with the control of saccadic eye movements. Starting from here, we can follow the anatomy backwards, to try to understand the functional architecture of neuronal networks that support the interrogation of a visual scene. Many of the principles encountered in this exercise are equally applicable to other perceptual modalities. For example, the somatosensory system, like the visual system, requires the sampling of data through mobile receptive epithelia. Analysis of a somatosensory scene depends on what is palpated, in much the same way that visual analysis relies on what is foveated. The discussion here is structured around the anatomical systems involved in active vision and visual scene construction, but will use these systems to introduce some general theoretical considerations. We will additionally highlight points of contact between the biology and the pathophysiology that has been proposed to cause a clinical disorder of scene construction – spatial hemineglect.

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Open and closed cortico-subcortical loops: A neuro-computational account of access to consciousness in the distractor-induced blindness paradigm

Cited by 7 publications

References 52 publications

Adaptability and specificity of inhibition processes in distractor‐induced blindness

Adaptability and specificity of inhibition processes in distractor‐induced blindness

Working memory, attention, and salience in active inference

The active construction of the visual world

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