Open data and its institutional ecosystems: A comparative cross‐jurisdictional analysis of open data platforms

Abstract

This research note explores consistent patterns in the development of open data phenomena in various institutional contexts. The research is based on cross‐jurisdictional analysis of open data platforms promoted today in more than 30 countries at local, sub‐national, national and supranational levels. Key findings suggest that, institutionally, the instrumentation of the concept is a highly context‐dependable undertaking. Almost all observed cases tend to be affected by fundamental administrative frameworks within which they are promoted, which could generally be classified in accordance with three consistently repetitive institutional patterns. The research note offers a new research agenda to elaborate further on open data as institutional phenomena.

Dados abertos governamentais: iniciativas e desafios na abertura de dados no Brasil e outras esferas internacionais

“…Na Alemanha, a Política Nacional de Dados Abertos em nível federal vigora desde 2017, contemplando a abordagem aberta por padrão para dados coletados por agências federais (Blank, 2019, OECD, 2019. Kassen (2018), no entanto, alerta que o governo central outorga autonomia aos demais governos locais no desenvolvimento de iniciativas próprias, o que resulta na profusão de Políticas de Dados Abertos no país.…”

“…Já sobre o portal de dados abertos do Reino Unido 8 , recente pesquisa conduzida por Huang, Wang, Zhang, Wu, e Xie (2019) indicou que até 2017 o sítio contava com mais de 40.000 datasets. Até agosto de 2020 já existiam cerca de 400 aplicativos desenvolvidos baseados em dados abertos do Reino Unido.Outra tendência é a integração de projetos nacionais em uma única plataforma intergovernamental, como o European Data Portal 9 , o Open Data for Africa, e o Latin American Open Data Initiative(Kassen, 2018). Também surgiu a partir de iniciativas de organizações governamentais e não governamentais uma série de painéis e relatórios que se propõem a medir a maturidade e o engajamento dos governos na abertura de dados, dando destaque ao: Open Data Maturity Report 2019(Blank, 2019); OURdata Index 2019 (OECD, 2020); Open Data Barometer 10 ; Open Data Monitor 11 ; e Global Open Data Index 12 .…”

Municipal Open Data Portals: Their Implementation in the Face of a Municipality’s Political and Territorial Reality

“…Borrowed from geography, the ecosystem metaphor is used to describe a "system of people, practices, values, and technologies in a particular local environment" (Harrison, Prado and Cook, 2012, p. 906) by highlighting the various interactions and interdependencies of its components. Open data ecosystems have been analyzed from different aspects: their temporal evolutions (Heimstädt et al, 2014), their compositions (Immonen, Palviainen and Ovaska, 2014;Zuiderwijk, Janssen and Davis, 2014;Ponte, 2015;Lindman and Kuk, 2015), the role of intermediaries (Van Schalkwyk, Willmers and McNaughton, 2016), business models (Kitsios, Papachristos and Kamariotou, 2017) or legal constraints (Kassen, 2018). Among this literature, a number of researchers have described the roles and functions of actors in various ecosystems.…”

Leveraging the Saudi Linked Open Government Data: A Framework and Potential Benefits

“…Legislation is an important step towards developing effective e-governance. Successful egovernance is also however dependent on other factors such as (i) institutional setup [15], (ii) policies related to these values that are not explicitly about open-data [7,8] and (iii) the effectiveness of the data and tools available for making use of that data for decision making (from the citizen's or government's viewpoint) specifically and civic engagement in general. We focus on this third aspect while acknowledging that all three groups of factors are intricately linked such that successful fulfillment of the respective goals requires progress in all three areas in an integrated and parallel fashion.…”

“…An increasing number of governments have taken solid technological steps pertaining to (iii) (and steps corresponding to (i-ii) that are ancillary) to create Open Government Data initiatives [13][14][15][16][20][21]. However, despite their numerous efforts and heavy investments in publishing and consuming OGD, its impact and benefits in most national contexts have yet to materialize at the level of organizations and individual citizens.…”