Open labor markets and Firms’ substitution between training apprentices and hiring workers

Abstract

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Retrospective causal inference via matrix completion, with an evaluation of the effect of European integration on cross-border employment

“…We apply this framework to evaluate the effect of two key European institutions, namely the Schengen Agreement and the Freedom of Movement, on cross-border employment in Europe. While previous literature has studied the labour market effects of these institutions on natives in the host regions (Naguib, 2019;Basten and Siegenthaler, 2019;Aepli and Kuhn, 2019;Åslund and Engdahl, 2019;Beerli et al, 2020), our analysis focuses on sending regions.…”

“…However, studies on the effects of these institutions on cross-border employment of sending regions are scarce. Most of the literature has focused on their effects on migration (e.g., Elsner, 2013;Beine et al, 2019), trade integration (Chen and Novy, 2011;Davis and Gift, 2014;Felbermayr et al, 2018), cross-regional labour market correlations (Bartz and Fuchs-Schündeln, 2012), labour market outcomes of natives in the host regions (Naguib, 2019;Basten and Siegenthaler, 2019;Aepli and Kuhn, 2019;Åslund and Engdahl, 2019;Beerli et al, 2020), and criminality (Sandner and Wassmann, 2018).…”

The costs of standardized apprenticeship curricula for training firms

“…Firms need skilled workers, which they can either train themselves, or recruit from the external labor market (e.g., Aepli and Kuhn 2021). A firm will train, firstly, if the minimal net costs of training are zero or negative, as is the case when the returns from apprentices' productive work are equal to or higher than gross training costs (Mühlemann and Wolter 2014).…”

Understanding the Hiring Issues of the Craft Workers in the UAE’s Construction Labor Market: Project Managers Perspective

“…It is more difficult and more expensive to hire qualified, skilled workers from the external labor market [49]. Therefore, firms can reduce external hiring costs, especially in cases where a high number of workers are needed for a short period (i.e., construction firms), by providing internal training for unskilled workers and then retaining them after they finish training [49][50][51].…”

“…However, many construction industries around the world are witnessing a shortage of skilled workers and face many serious consequences, e.g., poor productivity, safetyrelated incidents, unwanted delays, increased costs, etc. [37,48,51,52]. The availability of research in the context of Singapore also revealed that hiring unskilled workers has posed a serious problem for the industry [56].…”