Open-path FTIR spectroscopy of magma degassing processes during eight lava fountains on Mount Etna

Spina, Alessandro La; Burton, Mike; Allard, P.; Alparone, Salvatore; Murè, F.

doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2014.12.038

Cited by 42 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 50 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…As already observed by La Spina et al . [] and based on this evidence, we suggest that the longer the interevent time, and thus the time needed for the NSEC feeding system to reach the threshold pressure to trigger the subsequent lava fountain, the greater the energy accumulated and then released. Figure details the relation between interevent time (i.e., interevent time between the start of a fountain episode and the start of the previous one) and time of occurrence.…”

Section: Data Interpretation and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…Lava fountains are spectacular manifestations of active volcanism, characterized by incandescent lava jets of heights from tens‐to‐hundreds of meters that can last from minutes to days [e.g., Wilson and Head , ; Oppenheimer and Francis , ; Parfitt , ]. The nature and conditions leading to lava fountains have been widely discussed using methodologies spanning from ground‐based observations to satellite imagery and laboratory experiments [e.g., Jaupart and Vergniolle , ; Alparone et al ., ; Allard et al ., ; Friedman et al ., ; Spampinato et al ., ; Ganci et al ., ; Gouhier et al ., ; La Spina et al ., ]. The rapidity, with which lava fountains develop, and the high energy released have forced the volcanology community to make efforts to better understand this eruptive regime [e.g., Endo et al ., ; Hayashi et al ., ; Mangan and Cashman , ; Parfitt , ; Vergniolle and Ripepe , ; Staudacher et al ., ; Stovall et al ., ; Bonaccorso et al ., ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Multiparametric study of the February–April 2013 paroxysmal phase of Mt. Etna New South‐East crater

Spampinato

Sciotto

Cannata

et al. 2015

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Between January 2011 and April 2013, Mt. Etna's eruptive activity consisted of episodic intracrater strombolian explosions and paroxysms from Bocca Nuova, Voragine, and the New South‐East (NSEC) summit craters, respectively. Eruptions from NSEC consisted of initial increasing strombolian activity and lava flow output, passing to short‐lasting lava fountaining. In this study we present seismic, infrasound, radiometric, plume SO2 and HCl fluxes and geodetic data collected by the INGV monitoring system between May 2012 and April 2013. The multiparametric approach enabled characterization of NSEC eruptive activity at both daily and monthly time scales and tracking of magma movement within Mt. Etna's plumbing system. While seismic, infrasound and radiometric signals give insight on the energy and features of the 13 paroxysms fed by NSEC, SO2 and halogen fluxes shed light on the likely mechanisms triggering the eruptive phenomena. GPS data provided clear evidence of pressurization of Mt. Etna's plumbing system from May 2012 to middle February 2013 and depressurization during the February–April 2013 eruptive activity. Taking into account geochemical data, we propose that the paroxysms' sequence represented the climax of a waxing‐waning phase of degassing that had started as early as December 2012, and eventually ended in April 2013. Integration of the multidisciplinary observations suggests that the February–April 2013 eruptive activity reflects a phase of release of a volatile‐rich batch of magma that had been stored in the shallow volcano plumbing system at least 4 months before, and with the majority of gas released between February and March 2013.

show abstract

Section: Data Interpretation and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiparametric study of the February–April 2013 paroxysmal phase of Mt. Etna New South‐East crater

Spampinato

Sciotto

Cannata

et al. 2015

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This indicates pre-eruptive storage at 40 MPa (~1.5 km of lithostatic pressure). The presence of a significant mass of exsolved volatiles, presumably derived either from volatile exsolution within a deeper part of the volcanic system or by vapor/fluid accumulation via closed system exsolution in crustal chambers, is often proposed to play a significant role in basaltic eruptions (Allard et al, 2005;La Spina et al, 2015;Spilliaert et al, 2006;Vergniolle and Jaupart, 1986). Geochemical evidence for this can theoretically be found in melt inclusions (e.g.…”

Section: Decompression Model Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magma decompression rates during explosive eruptions of Kīlauea volcano, Hawaii, recorded by melt embayments

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The decompression rate of magma as it ascends during volcanic eruptions is an important but poorly constrained parameter that controls many of the processes that influence eruptive behaviour. In this study we quantify decompression rates for basaltic magmas using volatile diffusion in olivine-hosted melt tubes (embayments) for three contrasting eruptions of Kīlauea volcano, Hawai'i. Incomplete exsolution of H 2 O, CO 2 and S from the embayment melts during eruptive ascent creates diffusion profiles that can be measured using microanalytical techniques, and then modelled to infer the average decompression rate. We obtain average rates of ~0.05-0.45 MPa s -1 for eruptions ranging from Hawaiian style fountains to basaltic subplinian, with the more intense eruptions having higher rates. The ascent timescales for these magmas vary from around ~5 to ~36 minutes from depths of ~2 to ~4 km respectively. Decompression-exsolution models based on the embayment data also allow for an estimate of the mass fraction of pre-existing exsolved volatiles within the magma body. In the eruptions studied this varies from 0.1-3.2 wt%, but does not appear to be the key control on eruptive intensity. Our results do not support a direct link between the concentration of pre-eruptive volatiles and eruptive intensity; rather they suggest that for these eruptions decompression rates are proportional to independent estimates of mass discharge rate. Although the intensity of eruptions is defined by the discharge rate, based on the currently available dataset of embayment analyses it does not appear to scale linearly with average decompression rate. This study demonstrates the utility of the embayment method for providing quantitative constraints on magma ascent during explosive basaltic eruptions.

show abstract

“…Prior to the development of ultra violet (UV) camera technology [10,11], measurement techniques were constrained by sampling rate and therefore lacked The detection of periodic behavior is not restricted to SO2 flux measurements alone, and periodicity can also be identified in timeseries of molar gas ratios [16,[24][25][26][27]. Open-Path Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (OP-FTIR) can capture high temporal resolution datasets of molar gas ratios for a broad range of gases, including trace species such as chlorine [28][29][30][31][32]. In combination with thermodynamic models of volatile solubility, molar gas ratios can be directly related to the pressure (depth) of gas-melt separation and are therefore critical to the identification and tracking of new magma inputs and their subsequent ascent through the shallow magmatic system [33][34][35][36] or to discriminate between redox-and solubility-driven processes [24,37].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Periodicity in Volcanic Gas Plumes: A Review and Analysis

2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Persistent non-explosive passive degassing is a common characteristic of active volcanoes. Distinct periodic components in measurable parameters of gas release have been widely identified over timescales ranging from seconds to months. The development and implementation of high temporal resolution gas measurement techniques now enables the robust quantification of high frequency processes operating on timescales comparable to those detectable in geophysical datasets. This review presents an overview of the current state of understanding regarding periodic volcanic degassing, and evaluates the methods available for detecting periodicity, e.g., autocorrelation, variations of the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), and the continuous wavelet transform (CWT). Periodicities in volcanic degassing from published studies were summarised and statistically analysed together with analyses of literature-derived datasets where periodicity had not previously been investigated. Finally, an overview of current knowledge on drivers of periodicity was presented and discussed in the framework of four main generating categories, including: (1) non-volcanic (e.g., atmospheric or tidally generated); (2) gas-driven, shallow conduit processes; (3) magma movement, intermediate to shallow storage zone; and (4) deep magmatic processes.

show abstract

Open-path FTIR spectroscopy of magma degassing processes during eight lava fountains on Mount Etna

Cited by 42 publications

References 50 publications

Multiparametric study of the February–April 2013 paroxysmal phase of Mt. Etna New South‐East crater

Multiparametric study of the February–April 2013 paroxysmal phase of Mt. Etna New South‐East crater

Magma decompression rates during explosive eruptions of Kīlauea volcano, Hawaii, recorded by melt embayments

Periodicity in Volcanic Gas Plumes: A Review and Analysis

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About