Open Questions Concerning Taurine with Emphasis on the Brain

Oja, Simo S.; Saransaari, Pirjo

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-15126-7_31

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Taurine (2-aminoethane sulfonic acid; TAU) is one of the most abundant amino acids in the human body [ 16 ]. Although TAU is not incorporated in protein structures, several physiological and pharmacological properties are attributed to this amino acid [ 17 - 21 ]. The cytoprotective properties of this chemical have been widely investigated [ 22 - 27 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Taurine supplementation abates cirrhosis-associated locomotor dysfunction

Heidari

Jamshidzadeh

Ghanbarinejad

et al. 2018

ceh

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Aim of the studyHepatic encephalopathy and hyperammonemia is a clinical complication associated with liver cirrhosis. The brain is the target organ for ammonia toxicity. Ammonia-induced brain injury is related to oxidative stress, locomotor activity dysfunction, and cognitive deficit, which could lead to permanent brain injury, coma and death if not appropriately managed. There is no promising pharmacological intervention against cirrhosis-associated brain injury. Taurine (TAU) is one of the most abundant amino acids in the human body. Several physiological and pharmacological roles have been attributed to TAU. TAU may act as an antioxidant and is an excellent neuroprotective agent. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of TAU supplementation on cirrhosis-associated locomotor activity disturbances and oxidative stress in the brain.Material and methodsRats underwent bile duct ligation (BDL) surgery, and plasma and brain ammonia level, plasma biochemical parameters, and rats’ locomotor function were monitored. Furthermore, brain tissue markers of oxidative stress were assessed.ResultsIt was found that plasma and brain ammonia was increased, and markers of liver injury were significantly elevated in the cirrhotic group. Impaired locomotor activity was also evident in BDL rats. Moreover, an increase in brain tissue markers of oxidative stress was detected in the brain of cirrhotic animals. It was found that TAU supplementation (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg, gavage) alleviated brain tissue markers of oxidative stress and improved animals’ locomotor activity.ConclusionsThese data suggest that TAU is a potential protective agent against cirrhosis-associated brain injury.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Taurine supplementation abates cirrhosis-associated locomotor dysfunction

Heidari

Jamshidzadeh

Ghanbarinejad

et al. 2018

ceh

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“…The aminosulfonic acid taurine (2-aminoethanesulfonic acid) is among the most abundant organic molecules in the human body, including the CNS, and has been attributed to a variety of physiological functions (for review Huxtable, 1989 ; Lambert et al, 2015 ; Oja and Saransaari, 2015 ). Taurine is involved in cell volume regulation ( Solis et al, 1988 ; Lambert, 2004 ), mitochondrial translation ( Suzuki et al, 2002 ), and Ca 2+ homeostasis ( Chen et al, 2001 ; El Idrissi, 2008b ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Taurine as an Essential Neuromodulator during Perinatal Cortical Development

Kilb

Fukuda

2017

Front. Cell. Neurosci.

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A variety of experimental studies demonstrated that neurotransmitters are an important factor for the development of the central nervous system, affecting neurodevelopmental events like neurogenesis, neuronal migration, programmed cell death, and differentiation. While the role of the classical neurotransmitters glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) on neuronal development is well established, the aminosulfonic acid taurine has also been considered as possible neuromodulator during early neuronal development. The purpose of the present review article is to summarize the properties of taurine as neuromodulator in detail, focusing on the direct involvement of taurine on various neurodevelopmental events and the regulation of neuronal activity during early developmental epochs. The current knowledge is that taurine lacks a synaptic release mechanism but is released by volume-sensitive organic anion channels and/or a reversal of the taurine transporter. Extracellular taurine affects neurons and neuronal progenitor cells mainly via glycine, GABA(A), and GABA(B) receptors with considerable receptor and subtype-specific affinities. Taurine has been shown to directly influence neurogenesis in vitro as well as neuronal migration in vitro and in vivo. It provides a depolarizing signal for a variety of neuronal population in the immature central nervous system, thereby directly influencing neuronal activity. While in the neocortex, taurine probably enhance neuronal activity, in the immature hippocampus, a tonic taurinergic tone might be necessary to attenuate activity. In summary, taurine must be considered as an essential modulator of neurodevelopmental events, and possible adverse consequences on fetal and/or early postnatal development should be evaluated for pharmacological therapies affecting taurinergic functions.

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“…Ethanolamine is an important component of lecithin and related to the composition of cell membrane [39]. Taurine has the functions of antioxidation, stabilizing cell membrane, regulating cell osmotic pressure, and signaling regulation [40]. In this study, all of these metabolites are significantly changed compared with the controls, suggesting that there was an obvious disorder of cell metabolism in GU rats.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

Dynamic Analysis of Metabolic Response in Gastric Ulcer (GU) Rats with Electroacupuncture Treatment Using ¹H NMR-Based Metabolomics

Shen

Lian

Zhang

et al. 2019

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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Gastric ulcer (GU), a common digestive disease, has a high incidence and seriously endangers health of human. According to the previous studies, it has been proved that electroacupuncture at acupoints of stomach meridian had a good effect on GU. However, there are few published studies on metabolic response in gastric ulcer (GU) rats with electroacupuncture treatment. Herein, we observed the metabolic profiles in biological samples (stomach, liver, and kidney) of GU rats with electroacupuncture treatment by 1H NMR metabolomics combined with pathological examination. The male SD rats were induced by intragastric administration of 70% ethanol after fasting for 24 hours and treated by electroacupuncture at Zusanli (ST36) and Liangmen (ST21) for 1 day, 4 days, or 7 days, respectively. And the conventional histopathological examinations as well as metabolic pathways assays were also performed. We found that GU rats were basically cured after electroacupuncture treatment for 4 days and had a complete recovery after electroacupuncture treatment for 7 days by being modulated comprehensive metabolic changes, involved in the function of neurotransmitters, energy metabolism, cells metabolism, antioxidation, tissue repairing, and other metabolic pathways. These findings may be helpful to facilitate the mechanism elucidating of electroacupuncture treatment on GU.

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Open Questions Concerning Taurine with Emphasis on the Brain

Cited by 13 publications

References 23 publications

Taurine supplementation abates cirrhosis-associated locomotor dysfunction

Taurine supplementation abates cirrhosis-associated locomotor dysfunction

Taurine as an Essential Neuromodulator during Perinatal Cortical Development

Dynamic Analysis of Metabolic Response in Gastric Ulcer (GU) Rats with Electroacupuncture Treatment Using ¹H NMR-Based Metabolomics

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Open Questions Concerning Taurine with Emphasis on the Brain

Cited by 13 publications

References 23 publications

Taurine supplementation abates cirrhosis-associated locomotor dysfunction

Taurine supplementation abates cirrhosis-associated locomotor dysfunction

Taurine as an Essential Neuromodulator during Perinatal Cortical Development

Dynamic Analysis of Metabolic Response in Gastric Ulcer (GU) Rats with Electroacupuncture Treatment Using 1H NMR-Based Metabolomics

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Product

Resources

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Dynamic Analysis of Metabolic Response in Gastric Ulcer (GU) Rats with Electroacupuncture Treatment Using ¹H NMR-Based Metabolomics