Open reading frame sequence of an Asian enterovirus 73 strain reveals that the prototype from California is recombinant

Nordér, Helené; Bjerregaard, Lotte; Magnius, Lars O.

doi:10.1099/0022-1317-83-7-1721

Cited by 39 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The evolution of enteroviruses occurs through genetic drift and, over much longer periods, antigenic diversification in the structural gene region encoding the virus capsid (7,14,25,30,51,55); it may also occur by recombination between the capsid and nonstructural coding parts of the genome and the 5Ј untranslated region (2,13,16,20,26,28,29,35,39,41,47,48,53). To date, almost all documented examples of recombination have been limited to members of the same species (e.g., between species B serotypes), with the exception of the 5Ј untranslated region, where only a single genetic group can be identified within human species A and B and a second with species C and D (48).…”

Section: ؊3mentioning

confidence: 99%

Transmission Networks and Population Turnover of Echovirus 30

Leitch

Bendig

Cabrerizo

et al. 2009

J Virol

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Globally, echovirus 30 (E30) is one of the most frequently identified enteroviruses and a major cause of meningitis. Despite its wide distribution, little is known about its transmission networks or the dynamics of its recombination and geographical spread. To address this, we have conducted an extensive molecular epidemiology and evolutionary study of E30 isolates collected over 8 years from a geographically wide sample base (11 European countries, Asia, and Australia). 3Dpol sequences fell into several distinct phylogenetic groups, interspersed with other species B serotypes, enabling E30 isolates to be classified into 38 recombinant forms (RFs). Substitutions in VP1 and 3Dpol regions occurred predominantly at synonymous sites (ratio of nonsynonymous to synonymous substitutions, 0.05) with VP1 showing a rapid substitution rate of 8.3 ؋ 10

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Section: ؊3mentioning

confidence: 99%

Transmission Networks and Population Turnover of Echovirus 30

Leitch

Bendig

Cabrerizo

et al. 2009

J Virol

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“…Since then no new types have been reported until EV-73 was identified by molecular techniques in California and Oman (Oberste et al, 2001) and as imports into Sweden from South and East Asia (Norder et al, 2002). One reason for this is the labour-intensive conventional methods for establishing new enterovirus types, including the production of hyperimmune antisera and cross-testing against previous prototypes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sequencing of ‘untypable’ enteroviruses reveals two new types, EV-77 and EV-78, within human enterovirus type B and substitutions in the BC loop of the VP1 protein for known types

Nordér

Bjerregaard

Magnius

et al. 2003

Journal of General Virology

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133

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The N-terminal part of VP1 was sequenced for 43 enterovirus isolates that could not initially be neutralized with LBM pools or in-house antisera. Most isolates were found to belong to human enterovirus type A (HEV-A) and HEV-B (18 isolates of each). All HEV-A isolates could be typed by sequencing, with CV (coxsackievirus)-A16 and EV (enterovirus)-71 being dominant (nine and seven isolates, respectively). These types thus seem to have diverged more from their prototypes than the other types. Among the HEV-B isolates, E-18 dominated with five isolates that became typable after filtration. The virus type obtained by molecular typing was verified for 28 of the other patient isolates by neutralization using high-titre monovalent antisera or LBM pools. Twenty-two of the other 30 'untypable' isolates had substitutions in the VP1 protein within or close to the BC loop. Two closely related HEV-B isolates diverged by 19?4 % from E-15, the most similar prototype. Two non-neutralizable HEV-C isolates split off from the CV-A13/CV-A18 branch, from which they diverged by 15?7-18?2 %. Three of the six non-neutralizable isolates, W553-130/99, W543-122/99 and W137-126/99, diverged by >24?2 % from the most similar prototype in the compared region. The complete VP1 was therefore sequenced and found to diverge by >29 % from all prototypes and by >28 % from each other. Strains similar to W553-130/99 that have been identified in the USA are tentatively designated EV-74. The two other isolates fulfil the molecular criterion for being new types. Since strains designated EV-75 and EV-76 have been identified in the USA, we have proposed the tentative designations EV-77 and EV-78 for these two new members of HEV-B.

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“…Complete genome sequences of 46 prototype strains of HRV-A and HRV-B have been generated recently (Kistler et al, 2007b;Tapparel et al, 2007). According to this limited set of HRV sequences, it has been suggested that the main force driving the genetic diversification of HRV may be genetic drift rather than intra-or interserotypic recombination, which, in contrast, are common in closely related HEV genomes (Brown et al, 2003;Lindberg et al, 2003;Norder et al, 2002;Santti et al, 1999). In HEV, the recombination sites are usually located in genomic regions encoding non-structural proteins, but have also occasionally been found in the VP1 capsid protein coding region Martin et al, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular characterization of human rhinovirus field strains isolated during surveillance of enteroviruses

Blomqvist

Savolainen-Kopra

Paananen

et al. 2009

Journal of General Virology

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Human rhinoviruses (HRVs), which are the most frequent causative agents of acute upper respiratory tract infections, are abundant worldwide. We have identified HRV strains in environmental specimens collected in Finland, Latvia and Slovakia during the surveillance of polioand other enteroviruses. These acid-sensitive HRV strains were isolated under conditions optimized for growth of most of the enteroviruses, i.e. in stationary human rhabdomyosarcoma cells incubated at 36 6C. Phylogenetic analysis of the sequences derived from the partial 59 noncoding region and the capsid region coding for proteins VP4/VP2 and VP1 showed that the HRV field strains clustered together with prototype strains of the HRV minor receptor group. Partial sequences of the 3D polymerase coding region generally followed this pattern, with the exception of a set of three HRV field strains that formed a subcluster not close to any of the established HRV-A types, suggesting that recombination may have occurred during evolution of these HRV strains. Phylogenetic analysis of the VP4/VP2 capsid protein coding region showed that the 'environmental' HRV field strains were practically identical to HRV strains recently sequenced by others in Australia, the United States and Japan. Analysis of amino acids corresponding to the intercellular adhesion molecule-1 receptor footprint in major receptor group HRVs and also in the low-density lipoprotein receptor footprint of minor receptor group HRVs showed conservation of the 'minor receptor group-like' amino acids, indicating that the field strains may have maintained their minor receptor group specificity. INTRODUCTIONHuman rhinoviruses (HRVs) belong to the family Picornaviridae and together with human enteroviruses (HEV) and a number of non-human enterovirus strains comprise the largest genus (Enterovirus) in the family (Knowles, 2008). Clinical illnesses caused by HRV are typically mild and self-limiting upper respiratory tract infections or common colds, but HRVs have also been increasingly associated with other clinical consequences of respiratory tract infection such as acute otitis media (NoksoKoivisto et al., 2004;Pitkaranta et al., 1998;Vesa et al., 2001), acute community-acquired sinusitis (Pitkaranta et al., 1997(Pitkaranta et al., , 2001), bronchiolitis (Hayden, 2004), pneumonia (Papadopoulos, 2004 and exacerbations of existing respiratory disorders such as asthma (Gern, 2002) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (Greenberg, 2002).HRV encompasses 100 designated serotypes, including two antigenically distinct subtypes of serotype HRV1 (HRV1A and HRV1B) (Hamparian et al., 1987;Kapikian et al., 1967Kapikian et al., , 1971. The current taxonomy is based on genetic relationships of HRV. Genetic analysis of VP4/VP2 (Savolainen et al., 2002a) and VP1 (Laine et al., 2005; Ledford et al., 2004) capsid protein coding regions showed that the 100 serotypes cluster into two genetically distinct species, HRV-A and HRV-B. One HRV strain originally assigned as HRV87 belongs to the enterovirus species H...

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Open reading frame sequence of an Asian enterovirus 73 strain reveals that the prototype from California is recombinant

Cited by 39 publications

References 15 publications

Transmission Networks and Population Turnover of Echovirus 30

Transmission Networks and Population Turnover of Echovirus 30

Sequencing of ‘untypable’ enteroviruses reveals two new types, EV-77 and EV-78, within human enterovirus type B and substitutions in the BC loop of the VP1 protein for known types

Molecular characterization of human rhinovirus field strains isolated during surveillance of enteroviruses

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