Open Reduction and Internal Fixation for Fractures of the Tibia and Ankle

The reliability of posterior malleolar ankle fracture assessment: a unique perspective

“…Xu et al in a high-volume study, observed that PMF’s are typically low-velocity injuries, resulting from a fall or stumble, and rarely due to high mechanisms of injury such as falls from height or road traffic accidents, contrary to what was found in this study, with nearly a quarter of all PMFs were due to high-velocity pedestrian-vehicle accidents [ 12 , 34 ]. Considering the prevalence of these higher energy injuries, it is unsurprising that joint subluxation was noted in almost half (43.7% sagittal subluxation; 52.1% coronal subluxation) with a subsequent increased rate of post-traumatic arthritis expected [ 35 , 36 ]. Thus, our higher energy, subluxated injuries pose a significant risk to poor outcomes and residual functional limitations in our population as an independent pathomechanical variable.…”

Ankle Fractures Treated by Fixation of the Medial Malleolus Alone:Late Results in 29 Patients

“…Opinions as to the treatment of choice diverge widely, ranging from closed reduction (Kristensen 1949, 1956, Watson-Jones 1955 to rigid, massive internal fixation of almost every fracture, as recommended by the A-0 group (Willenegger & Weber 1963, Weber 1966. For many years the position of the medial malleolus was considered a cardinal point and several authors have recommended operative reduction and fixation of the medial malleolus combined with closed reduction of the lateral malleolus (Miiller 1945, McLaughlin & Ryder 1949. In cases with a posterior tibial fragment which comprised more than one quarter of the joint surface it was recommended that this be fixed separately.…”

Η Χειρουργικη Αντιμετωπιση Των Καταγματων Σφυρων

“…Το 1940 οι Nelsen και Jensen πρότειναν την ανοικτή ανάταξη όλων των καταγμάτων του οπισθίου σφυρού μεγαλυτέρων του 1/ 3 της αρθρικής επιφάνειας της κνήμης 68 .0 Me Laughlin στο βιβλίο του "Το Τραύμα", το 1960, αναφέρει τα αποτελέσματα μεγάλου αριθμού περιπτώσεων, που θεραπεύτηκαν με κλειστή μέθοδο σε διάστημα 20 ετών . Είχε την άποψη ότι η παρεκτόπιση του οπισθίου σφυρού ήταν αβλαβής, όταν δεν επέτρεπε οπίσθιο υπεξάρθρημα του αστραγάλου, πράγμα που προδιαθέτει την ανάπτυξη μετατραυματικής οστεοαρθρίτιδας 68 > 69 .…”