Open-source controller for low-cost and high-speed atomic force microscopy imaging of skin corneocyte nanotextures

Liao, Hsien-Shun; Akhtar, Imtisal; Werner, Christian; Slipets, Roman; Pereda, Jorge; Wang, Jen-Hung; Raun, Ellen; Nørgaard, Laura Olga; Dons, Frederikke Elisabet; Hwu, Edwin En Te

doi:10.1016/j.ohx.2022.e00341

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…To tackle the low throughput issue, various designs have been proposed, aiming to increase the number of test subjects examined within a specific timeframe or reduce the testing duration. High‐speed scanning AFM reduces testing time through enhanced scanning speed (Liao et al, 2022). The miniaturized and integrated sensing mechanism of the AFM parallel scanning probe system enables simultaneous operation of multiple probes for image acquisition (Galeotti et al, 2021).…”

Section: Discussion and Prospectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atomic force microscopy in disease‐related studies: Exploring tissue and cell mechanics

Liu,

Han,

Kong

et al. 2023

Microscopy Res & Technique

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Despite significant progress in human medicine, certain diseases remain challenging to promptly diagnose and treat. Hence, the imperative lies in the development of more exhaustive criteria and tools. Tissue and cellular mechanics exhibit distinctive traits in both normal and pathological states, suggesting that “force” represents a promising and distinctive target for disease diagnosis and treatment. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) holds great promise as a prospective clinical medical device due to its capability to concurrently assess surface morphology and mechanical characteristics of biological specimens within a physiological setting. This review presents a comprehensive examination of the operational principles of AFM and diverse mechanical models, focusing on its applications in investigating tissue and cellular mechanics associated with prevalent diseases. The findings from these studies lay a solid groundwork for potential clinical implementations of AFM.Research HighlightsBy examining the surface morphology and assessing tissue and cellular mechanics of biological specimens in a physiological setting, AFM shows promise as a clinical device to diagnose and treat challenging diseases.

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Section: Discussion and Prospectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atomic force microscopy in disease‐related studies: Exploring tissue and cell mechanics

Liu,

Han,

Kong

et al. 2023

Microscopy Res & Technique

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“…Two articles from the En-Te Hwu group clearly demonstrate this opportunity. In their first article, they present an open-source controller that can operate an atomic force microscope at high speed [32] . In the second article, they use hardware made for operating quadcopters to make a centrifugal microfluidics device [33] .…”

Section: B Overview Of the Work Presented In This Special Issuementioning

confidence: 99%

Open hardware in microscopy

Hohlbein,

Faez

2023

HardwareX

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“…As a result, these chips are increasingly employed in tasks that demand high precision, real-time processing, and parallel computation capabilities. [11][12][13][14][15] Taking full advantage of FPGA hardware resources and parallel processing capabilities, our method re-duces data processing time, enabling faster real-time atom tracking. With the maturity of machine learning and computer vision technology, it has more and more extensive applications in the field of scanning probe microscope.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

FPGA and computer-vision-based atom tracking technology for scanning probe microscopy

Yu 俞,

Liu 刘,

Wang 王

et al. 2024

Chinese Phys. B

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Atom tracking technology enhanced with innovative algorithms has been implemented in this study, utilizing a comprehensive suite of controllers and software independently developed domestically. Leveraging an on-board field-programmable gate array (FPGA) with a core frequency of 100 MHz, our system facilitates reading and writing operations across 16 channels, performing discrete incremental proportional-integral-derivative (PID) calculations in as fast as 3.4 microseconds. Building upon this foundation, gradient and extremum algorithms are further integrated, incorporating circular and spiral scanning modes with a horizontal movement accuracy of 0.38 pm. This integration enhances real-time performance and significantly increases the accuracy of atom tracking. Atom tracking achieves an equivalent precision of at least 142 pm on a highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) surface under room temperature atmospheric conditions. Through applying computer vision and image processing algorithms, atom tracking can be used when scanning a large area. The techniques primarily consist of two algorithms: the region of interest (ROI)-based feature matching algorithm, which achieves 97.92% accuracy, and the feature description-based matching algorithm, with an impressive 99.99% accuracy. Both implementation approaches have been tested for scanner drift measurements, and these technologies are scalable and applicable in various domains of scanning probe microscopy with broad application prospects in the field of nanoengineering.

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Open-source controller for low-cost and high-speed atomic force microscopy imaging of skin corneocyte nanotextures

Cited by 7 publications

References 60 publications

Atomic force microscopy in disease‐related studies: Exploring tissue and cell mechanics

Atomic force microscopy in disease‐related studies: Exploring tissue and cell mechanics

Open hardware in microscopy

FPGA and computer-vision-based atom tracking technology for scanning probe microscopy

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