Open-source, handheld, wireless spectrometer for rapid biochemical assays

Kim, Byeongyeon; Jeon, Min Gyu; Kim, Tae Young; Choi, Sungyoung

doi:10.1016/j.snb.2019.127537

Cited by 17 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…309 . 311 In addition, they developed a 3D-printed mixer to homogenize the sample when it was drawn into the device for absorption measurements. In this approach, the required sample volume was ∼500 μL.…”

Section: Custom-built Laboratory Devices Using Electronic Controllersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this approach, the required sample volume was ∼500 μL. 311 Because the device was based on off-the-shelf components and 3D-printed parts, one would not need special fabrication facilities to rebuild the device. Nowadays, microtiter-plate-based high-throughput assays are common because they significantly reduce the assay time and the consumption of samples/reagents by analyzing multiple samples in one shot.…”

Section: Custom-built Laboratory Devices Using Electronic Controllersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, one had to fabricate the custom-built PCB to develop such a device for laboratory applications. On the contrary, Kim et al reported an Arduino-based, open-source, hand-held, and wireless spectrometer with a broad-band LED (wavelength, 470.0–850.0 nm) and a CMOS-sensor-based miniature spectrometer (308.7–878.4 nm) . In addition, they developed a 3D-printed mixer to homogenize the sample when it was drawn into the device for absorption measurements.…”

Section: Application Of Electronic Modules In Chemistry Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Elevating Chemistry Research with a Modern Electronics Toolkit

Prabhu

Urban

2020

Chem. Rev.

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With the rapid development of high technology, chemical science is not as it used to be a century ago. Many chemists acquire and utilize skills that are well beyond the traditional definition of chemistry. The digital age has transformed chemistry laboratories. One aspect of this transformation is the progressing implementation of electronics and computer science in chemistry research. In the past decade, numerous chemistry-oriented studies have benefited from the implementation of electronic modules, including microcontroller boards (MCBs), single-board computers (SBCs), professional grade control and data acquisition systems, as well as field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). In particular, MCBs and SBCs provide good value for money. The application areas for electronic modules in chemistry research include construction of simple detection systems based on spectrophotometry and spectrofluorometry principles, customizing laboratory devices for automation of common laboratory practices, control of reaction systems (batch- and flow-based), extraction systems, chromatographic and electrophoretic systems, microfluidic systems (classical and nonclassical), custom-built polymerase chain reaction devices, gas-phase analyte detection systems, chemical robots and drones, construction of FPGA-based imaging systems, and the Internet-of-Chemical-Things. The technology is easy to handle, and many chemists have managed to train themselves in its implementation. The only major obstacle in its implementation is probably one’s imagination.

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Section: Custom-built Laboratory Devices Using Electronic Controllersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Custom-built Laboratory Devices Using Electronic Controllersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Application Of Electronic Modules In Chemistry Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Elevating Chemistry Research with a Modern Electronics Toolkit

Prabhu

Urban

2020

Chem. Rev.

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“…As long as collection of the portion of the emission signal that describes the analyte is achieved, the size or capability of the spectrometer should not be the limiting factor. They have even created a device using a micropipette as the scaffolding for the sensor [ 75 ]. However, optical-based spectrometers are not as sensitive as mass spectral measurements.…”

Section: Detectorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Moving toward a Handheld “Plasma” Spectrometer for Elemental Analysis, Putting the Power of the Atom (Ion) in the Palm of Your Hand

Buckley

Doherty

2021

Molecules

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Many of the current innovations in instrument design have been focused on making them smaller, more rugged, and eventually field transportable. The ultimate application is obvious, carrying the instrument to the field for real time sample analysis without the need for a support laboratory. Real time data are priceless when screening either biological or environmental samples, as mitigation strategies can be initiated immediately upon the discovery that contaminant metals are present in a location they were not intended to be. Additionally, smaller “handheld” instruments generally require less sample for analysis, possibly increasing sensitivity, another advantage to instrument miniaturization. While many other instruments can be made smaller just by using available micro-technologies (e.g., eNose), shrinking an ICP-MS or AES to something someone might carry in a backpack or pocket is now closer to reality than in the past, and can be traced to its origins based on a component-by-component evaluation. While the optical and mass spectrometers continue to shrink in size, the ion/excitation source remains a challenge as a tradeoff exists between excitation capabilities and the power requirements for the plasma’s generation. Other supporting elements have only recently become small enough for transport. A systematic review of both where the plasma spectrometer started and the evolution of technologies currently available may provide the roadmap necessary to miniaturize the spectrometer. We identify criteria on a component-by-component basis that need to be addressed in designing a miniaturized device and recognize components (e.g., source) that probably require further optimization. For example, the excitation/ionization source must be energetic enough to take a metal from a solid state to its ionic state. Previously, a plasma required a radio frequency generator or high-power DC source, but excitation can now be accomplished with non-thermal (cold) plasma sources. Sample introduction, for solids, liquids, and gasses, presents challenges for all sources in a field instrument. Next, the interface between source and a mass detector usually requires pressure reduction techniques to get an ion from plasma to the spectrometer. Currently, plasma mass spectrometers are field ready but not necessarily handheld. Optical emission spectrometers are already capable of getting photons to the detector but could eventually be connected to your phone. Inert plasma gas generation is close to field ready if nitrogen generators can be miniaturized. Many of these components are already commercially available or at least have been reported in the literature. Comparisons to other “handheld” elemental analysis devices that employ XRF, LIBS, and electrochemical methods (and their limitations) demonstrate that a “cold” plasma-based spectrometer can be more than competitive. Migrating the cold plasma from an emission only source to a mass spectrometer source, would allow both analyte identification and potentially source apportionment through isotopic fingerprinting, and may be the last major hurdle to overcome. Finally, we offer a possible design to aid in making the cold plasma source more applicable to a field deployment.

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“…Recent progress has been made in the development of open-source hardware for frugal science, a growing movement in broad communities that range from professional engineers and scientists to do-it-yourself (DIY) researchers, to make expensive scientific instruments affordable and transportable. ,− In this context, open-source, DIY spectrophotometers or photometers have been successfully developed; ,− however, fluorescence spectrometers still remain to be developed. To address the above issues, we present an open-source fluorescence emission spectrometer (OpenFS) that is simple to fabricate without expertise in optics and electronics and provides a spectral sampling interval of approximately 2 nm within a small footprint of 7.3 cm × 6.1 cm × 10.2 cm.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Open-Source Fluorescence Spectrometer for Noncontact Scientific Research and Education

et al. 2021

Self Cite

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Transforming fluorescence spectrometers into costeffective, portable devices provides the potential for field-based applications in biological, environmental, and clinical research and education. However, the majority of developed spectroscopic technologies continue to require heavy, expensive equipment and trained personnel for operation or do not support multispectral analysis, thereby restricting their use in resource-limited environments. Herein, we report a wireless, portable, cost-effective, opensource fluorescence spectrometer (OpenFS) developed by compactly assembling optical and electronic elements in a 3Dprinted housing. OpenFS outputs an accurate emission spectrum over a wide range of wavelengths and demonstrates greater sensitivity for fluorescence quantification compared to a conventional fluorometer. We demonstrate the functionality of OpenFS as a fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based DNA sensor by detecting target DNA molecules with FRET efficiency and prove its utility as an Internet of Things device by performing wireless measurements and spectral analysis on a smartphone with a custom-developed Android application. This portable open-source spectrometer can lead to new opportunities in research and educational fields where fluorescence spectroscopy has not been available because of its cost and size and provides the potential for the development of mobile diagnostics platforms.

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Open-source, handheld, wireless spectrometer for rapid biochemical assays

Cited by 17 publications

References 29 publications

Elevating Chemistry Research with a Modern Electronics Toolkit

Elevating Chemistry Research with a Modern Electronics Toolkit

Moving toward a Handheld “Plasma” Spectrometer for Elemental Analysis, Putting the Power of the Atom (Ion) in the Palm of Your Hand

Open-Source Fluorescence Spectrometer for Noncontact Scientific Research and Education

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