Open-Top Chambers with Solar-Heated Air Introduction Tunnels for the High-Temperature Treatment of Paddy Fields

Chiba, Masahiro; Terao, Tomio

doi:10.1626/pps.17.152

Cited by 12 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…0.4 m) has restricted their use to low‐stature plant communities, early life stages, and low productivity plant systems (Elmendorf et al., ). While some taller‐stature OTCs exist, they are typically only used during the growing season and not in harsh winter conditions (Chiba & Terao, ). Thus, there is a gap in understanding in situ warming effects on communities such as prairies, savannahs, grasslands, and scrublands (Settele et al., ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Open‐top chambers for temperature manipulation in taller‐stature plant communities

et al. 2017

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Abstract1. Open-top chambers simulate global warming by passively increasing air temperatures in field experiments. They are commonly used in low-stature alpine and arctic ecosystems, but rarely in taller-stature plant communities because of their limited height.2. We present a modified International Tundra Experiment (ITEX) chamber design for year-round outdoor use in warming taller-stature plant communities up to 1.5 m tall. We report a full year of results for the chambers' effects on air and soil temperature, relative humidity, and soil moisture in a northern hardwood forest clearing and a southern early successional grassland site located in Michigan, USA.Detailed construction plans are also provided.3. The chambers elevated daytime air temperatures at 1 m height by 1.8°C above ambient levels, on average over an entire year, at both the northern and southern site. The chambers did not affect relative humidity at either site. The chambers did not alter average soil temperature or moisture at the northern site and reduced soil temperatures and soil moisture at the southern site. The chambers increased variability in soil freeze/thaw cycles at both sites. K E Y W O R D Sclimate change, open-top chamber, passive warming, plant community ecology, warming experiment

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Open‐top chambers for temperature manipulation in taller‐stature plant communities

et al. 2017

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“…A field measuring 1.8 m square was surrounded by plastic film at a height of 1.5 m in an open-top chamber (Chiba and Terao 2014). The average temperature in the daytime was approximately 0.9°C higher in this treatment.…”

Section: Effect Of Deep-flood Irrigation On the Quality Of Rice Grainsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improvement in Rice Grain Quality by Deep-flood Irrigation and its Underlying Mechanisms

Chiba

Terao

Watanabe

et al. 2017

JARQ

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The increased occurrence of chalky rice grains as a result of global warming is becoming a serious problem. The application of deep-flood irrigation (DFI) to a water depth of 18 cm from the active tillering stage to the maximum tillering stage suppresses the occurrence of chalky grains under both high and normal temperature conditions without decreasing yields. The mechanism by which DFI reduces chalky grains was analyzed relative to carbohydrate supply as carbohydrate deficiencies have been proposed as a cause of chalky grains. DFI suppresses the occurrence of chalky grains due to the increased supply of carbohydrates to the panicles. In paddy fields where a water depth of 18 cm is not possible, such as in paddy fields with low levees or low water supplies, the combined use of moderate DFI at a water depth of 10 cm with deep planting can be substituted to produce high-quality rice. DFI did not damage root activity at the ripening stage, even in soils with a low redox potential. Although the DFI treatment slightly decreased the penetration resistance of the soil, the bearing capacity was not affected at the time of combine harvest.

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“…However, certain methods, such as temperature gradient chambers [8], warm water circulation [9], infrared heater arrays [10], artificial light growth chambers and phytotrons, possess significant construction and/or operational costs. Two additional methods [11] [12] were discussed in Chiba and Terao [13], who noted the disadvantages of these methods and the reliance of these methods on solar radiation, which possessed a low operational cost. Thus, solar radiation-dependent warming systems may provide a solution for low-cost treatments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Here, we propose a new type of OTC in which sun-warmed air flow enters and warms the OTC. The first type of OTC was attached to a solar-heated air-introduction tunnel (SAT), which used solar radiation to warm the passing air and increase the temperature inside the OTC [13]. In this OTC configuration, the temperature gradient is higher close to the SAT but lower close to the exit; however, enlarging the exit side opening in the exhaust tunnel largely improved the uniformity of temperature inside the OTC.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this OTC configuration, the temperature gradient is higher close to the SAT but lower close to the exit; however, enlarging the exit side opening in the exhaust tunnel largely improved the uniformity of temperature inside the OTC. Thus, the OTC-SAT configuration performed well in regions with stable wind conditions because this equipment was designed for one consistent wind direction [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Improved Open-Top Chamber with Solar-Heated Double Funnels That Can Adapt to All Wind Directions for Simulating Future Global Warming Conditions in Rice Paddy Fields

Terao¹,

Chiba²

2016

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An Open-Top Chamber with Solar-heated Double Funnels (OTC-SDF2) that uses solar energy as a heating source was developed in this study. Two air entry/exit funnels were connected to the OTC via flat tunnels through which air was warmed by solar radiation. The new apparatus increased the air temperature by approximately 1˚C throughout the chamber when more than half the energy of full sunlight was supplied. Although air flow occurs in only two directions, a nearly constant temperature increase was observed for each wind direction. This increase in temperature was stable for 1 m −s to 4 m −s wind speeds in every direction. This degree of warming may be adequate for screening high-temperature tolerant plants from medium to weak cultivars. The OTC-SDF2 has the potential to provide moderately high-temperature treatments for screening various cultivars/strains and may be used to evaluate easy, low-cost cropping methods associated with high-temperature stresses.

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Open-Top Chambers with Solar-Heated Air Introduction Tunnels for the High-Temperature Treatment of Paddy Fields

Cited by 12 publications

References 14 publications

Open‐top chambers for temperature manipulation in taller‐stature plant communities

Open‐top chambers for temperature manipulation in taller‐stature plant communities

Improvement in Rice Grain Quality by Deep-flood Irrigation and its Underlying Mechanisms

An Improved Open-Top Chamber with Solar-Heated Double Funnels That Can Adapt to All Wind Directions for Simulating Future Global Warming Conditions in Rice Paddy Fields

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