Open Versus Laparoscopic Surgical Management of Rectus Diastasis: Systematic Review and Pooled Analysis of Complications and Recurrence Rates

Abstract

Background Rectus diastasis (RD) is defined as widening of the linea alba and laxity of the abdominal muscles. It can be treated via a wide array of both conservative and surgical modalities. Due to the quickly evolving nature of this field coupled with the multiple novel surgical modalities described recently, there is a need for an updated review of surgical techniques and a quantitative analysis of complications and recurrence rates. Methods A systematic review of PUBMED and EMBASE databases was preformed to retrieve all clinical studies describing surgical management of RD. Pooled analyses were preformed to assess recurrence and complication rates after both open and laparoscopic RD repairs (after controlling for herniorrhaphy). Results A total of 56 papers were included in this review. In patients who underwent both an RD and a herniorrhaphy, there was no significant difference in recurrence rates between open (0.86%) and laparoscopic repairs (1.6%) (p > 0.05). Similarly, in patients who underwent RD repair without a herniorrhaphy, there was no significant difference in recurrence rates between open (0.89%) and laparoscopic repairs (0%) (p > 0.05). The most common complications reported were seroma, skin dehiscence, hematoma/post‐operative bleeding, and infection. After controlling for a herniorrhaphy, there were no significant difference in total complication rates between open and laparoscopic RD repair. The total complication rates in patients who underwent an open RD repair with a herniorrhaphy were 13.3% compared to 14.5% in patients who underwent laparoscopic repairs (p > 0.05). Similarly, the total complication rates in patients who underwent RD repair without a herniorrhaphy were 11.8% in patients who underwent open repairs compared to 16.2% in their counterparts who underwent laparoscopic repairs (p > 0.05). Conclusion Both open and laparoscopic approaches are safe and effective in repairing RD in patients with and without concurrent herniorrhaphy. Future research should report patient reported outcomes to better differentiate between different surgical approaches.

Balancing Expectations: Navigating Medically Necessary Torso Procedures with Cosmetic Components in the Military Healthcare System

“…There are simply no studies producing clear distinctions as to superiority of any single technique. 37 Each technique meets the standard of care.…”

The TOR concept (training, operation, and rehabilitation) applied to a cohort of postpartum women with training-resistant symptomatic rectus diastasis: evaluation 1 year after surgery

“…In recent decades, abdominal wall surgeons have presented repair techniques with or without mesh reinforcement 30 , 31 , different open approaches 19 , 32 , and a variety of endo-laparoscopic methods as an alternative to open repairs such as endoscopic-assisted linea alba repair (ELAR), subcutaneous onlay laparoscopic approach (SCOLA), preaponeurotic endoscopic repair (REPA), total endoscopic-assisted linea alba reconstruction (TESLAR) and the robotic transabdominal retromuscular rectus diastasis (r-TARRD) repair 33–38 . Both open and endo-laparoscopic repairs have shown to be safe and effective 39 .…”

Comparative Analysis of Laparoscopic Versus Open Procedures in Specific General Surgical Interventions

“…The rectus abdominis muscles are directly in reach of the surgeon for repair through the incision, which is commonly performed along the midline of the abdomen as compared to laparoscopic surgery, where there are some small incisions through which this whole procedure is performed. The surgery site is viewed with the help of a laparoscope and other specialized instruments, which are required to be placed through other incisions for closing rectus diastasis [24][25][26][27].…”