“…In addition to the works discussed throughout the paper, the work on NFV performance acceleration can be classified into three categories: 1 relies on hardware accelerators to improve processing speed by offloading (part of) packet processing into an FPGA, GPU, or modern NIC [20,28,45,52,53,69,87,96,98,101,104,105]; 2 focuses on NFV execution models and tries to improve the performance of either the pipeline/parallelism model [43,55,61,86,103] or run-to-completion (RTC) model [37,76]; and 3 improves the performance of NFV by reducing/eliminating redundant operations and/or merging similar packet processing elements into (one) consolidated optimized equivalent [1,12,40,44,55,85]. The second category also includes efforts toward better scheduling & load balancing [4,5,7,41,50,94] or more efficient I/O [24,25].…”