Opener, packer wheel and packing force effects on crop emergence and yield of direct seeded wheat, canola and field peas

Johnston, Adrian; Lafond, G. P.; May, William E.; Hnatowich, G.; Hultgreen, G.

doi:10.4141/p01-171

Cited by 14 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…In this study, the seeding depths obtained were the same for all treatments except for the sweep treatments, which was 6 mm deeper than the other treatments (Table 7). Seeding with a sweep also resulted in deeper seed placement in another study (Johnston et al 2003). The slightly deeper seed placement with the sweep had no resultant negative effects on tiller development because the overall depth was still less than 50 mm.…”

Section: Agronomic Variablesmentioning

confidence: 88%

Nitrogen management systems to optimize spring wheat under no-till: Effects on plant development

Lafond¹,

Clayton²,

Johnston³

et al. 2006

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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. 2006. Nitrogen management systems to optimize spring wheat under no-till: Effects on plant development. Can. J. Plant Sci. 86: 443-451. Surface residues and standing stubble protect soil against erosion and mitigate against crop water deficits by conserving additional moisture. However, residues and stubble can also present a dilemma for producers practising no-till in terms of nitrogen (N) fertilizer management and row spacing. The objective of this research was to determine how row spacing, N management using urea and two rates of post-emergent herbicide (66 and 100% of recommended) affect spring wheat establishment and plant development. The study was conducted using a no-till system and a canola-spring wheat cropping system at three locations over a 3-yr period. The N management and row spacing treatments were (1) 23-cm row spacing with fall banded N on 30 cm; (2) 23-cm row spacing with spring banded N on 30 cm; (3) 30-cm row spacing with the N side-banded; (4) 23-cm row spacing with the N side-banded; and (5) sweep on 23-cm spacing with seed and fertilizer scattered over a 20-cm width. Herbicide rates did not affect wheat development. Planting depth was greater for the sweep treatment, but only by 6 mm. Plant densities were at the low end of the optimal range of 200-250 plants m -2 for all treatments and were least for the 30 cm row spacing. Average frequencies for tillers T0, T1, T2 and T3 were 20, 81 61 and 10%, respectively. Fall and spring band treatments resulted in lower tiller frequencies than the sweep treatment, with intermediate levels for the side-band treatments. Tiller frequencies were identical between the 23-cm and 30-cm row spacings with N side-banded. Greater tiller frequencies for the sweep treatment likely resulted from the greater spread of seed, reducing inter-plant competition and closer proximity of the seed to fertilizer N. Spike density was not affected by N management. Expected spike density, calculated from tiller frequency and plant density data, was within 1% of the actual spikes recorded, when averaged over treatments. This means that tiller frequencies at the 5 to 5.5 leaf stage are a good predictor of expected spike density. Wider row spacings did not affect plant and tiller development but applying N fertilizer at time of seeding provided better spring wheat tiller development. Le taux d'application de l'herbicide n'affecte pas la croissance du blé. Les semis à la volée étaient plus profonds, mais de 6 mm seulement. La densité des peuplements se situait à l'extrémité la plus faible de la fourchette optimale de 200 à 250 plants par m 2 , peu importe le traitement; l'écartement de 30 cm est celui qui donne la plus faible densité. La fréquence moyenne des talles T0, T1, T2 et T3 s'établissait respectivement à 20 %, 81 %, 61 % et 10 %. L'application d'engrais en bande à l'automne ou au printemps donne un nombre de talles inférieur à celui observé quand l'engrais est appliqué à la volée, l'application en bande latérale se situant entre les deux. Les écartements de 23 et de 30 c...

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Section: Agronomic Variablesmentioning

confidence: 88%

Nitrogen management systems to optimize spring wheat under no-till: Effects on plant development

Lafond¹,

Clayton²,

Johnston³

et al. 2006

Can. J. Plant Sci.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…A recent study was conducted which investigated the effect of disk and hoe seed openers on spring canola performance when planted into different crop residues (6). In addition, a study was conducted examining the effect of seed openers, packing wheels, and packing wheel force on several crops including canola (10). The objective of this study was to compare various no‐till planting methods for spring canola establishment, yield, and seed oil quantity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Planting Methods on Spring Canola (Brassica napus L.) Establishment and Yield in the Low-Rainfall Region of the Pacific Northwest

2012

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Growers are becoming interested in producing canola (Brassica napusor B. rapa) in the dryland, wheat‐fallow region of the Pacific Northwest. Currently, agronomic research for spring canola in this region has not been initiated. This study evaluated the effect of no‐till planting methods on stand establishment, crop yield, and seed oil quantity of spring canola in Washington and Oregon in 2009 and 2010. The treatments included: double disk opener; broadcast; broadcast plus rolled; Kile opener; Cross‐Slot opener; and hoe opener (at Washington only). In this study, canola establishment was generally greatest with the double disk opener and least in the broadcast or broadcast plus rolled treatments at all four site‐years. Yield was least in the broadcast treatment and rolling broadcast seed increased yield only 50% of the time. In three out of four site‐years, canola planted with the various no‐till openers yielded higher than broadcast seed. The adoption of spring canola in the wheat‐fallow region of the Pacific Northwest would improve pest management strategies, diversify markets, and increase sustainability.

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“…Hultgreen (1990) found that packing pressures of 17 kg (167 N) significantly increased wheat yield. Johnston et al (2003) found that the effect of soil packing levels on canola yield significantly changed according to climatic conditions in 1997, 1998 and 1999. They determined that increasing packing force improved canola grain yield at dry conditions after planting.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pamuk Tarımında Tapan Geçiş Sayısının Toprağın Fiziksel Özellikleri, Bitki Gelişimi ve Yabancı Ot Türlerine Etkisi

Gürsoy

Korkunç²,

Özaslan³

2019

Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi

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In cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) agriculture, very loose soil results in reduced seed emergence and stand establishment because the contact between soil and seed is deficient. Therefore, the use of a planker before planting may help firm seedbeds and improve stand establishment. The objective of this study is to determine the effects of different pass numbers of the planker on soil bulk density, moisture content and cotton seed emergence. Also, weed species and plant growth parameters were determined in the study. The five treatments including different soil planking levels (P0, untreated control; P1, one pass of planker; P2, two passes of planker; P3, three passes of planker; P4, four passes of planker) was compared by using completely randomized block design with three replications. The results of the study indicated that while the soil bulk density and moisture content was increased with increasing the pass number of planker, multi-pass of planker significantly reduced seed emergence rate and SPAD value. The highest seed cotton yield per plant was found at P1 (one pass of planker) treatment. Also, soil planking levels affected the weed species and the density of this species. Control plots (P0) had higher weeds species than other treatments. In conclusion, the findings of this research suggest that multi-pass of planker may reduce seed emergence and cotton yield although it increases the moisture content at 0-10 cm soil depth which has positive effect on seed emergence, under the soil and climate conditions like the experimental field.Öz: Pamuk (Gossypium hirsutum L.) tarımında, toprağın fazla gevşek olması, tohumun toprakla temasını azalttığı için bitkinin çimlenmesi ve çıkışında düşüşlere neden olmaktadır. Bu nedenle, bitki çıkış oranını ve gelişimini artırmak için ekim öncesi tarlaya en az 2-3 kez tapan çekilerek, toprak bastırılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, tapanın farklı geçiş sayılarının, toprağın hacim ağırlığı, nem içeriği ve tohum çıkış oranına etkisinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Ayrıca, çalışmada yabancı ot türleri ve bitki gelişim parametreleri belirlenmiştir. Beş farklı tapan geçiş sayısının (P0, kontrol; P1, tapanın bir defa geçişi; P2, tapanın iki defa geçişi; P3, tapanın üç defa geçişi; P4, tapanın dört defa geçişi) denendiği çalışma, tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre, üç tekerrürlü olarak yürütülmüştür. Çalışmanın sonuçları, tapan geçiş sayısındaki artışın, toprak hacim ağırlığı ve nem içeriğinde artış meydana getirdiğini, fakat bitki çıkış oranını ve SPAD değerini önemli ölçüde azalttığını göstermiştir. En yüksek bitkideki kütlü pamuk verimi, P1 uygulamasında elde edilmiştir. Ayrıca, tapan geçiş sayısının, deneme alanındaki yabancı ot tür sayısını da önemli düzeyde etkilediği görülmüştür. Kontrol parsellerindeki yabancı ot tür sayısının daha yüksek olduğu gözlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, bu denemenin sonuçları, ekim derinliğindeki toprağın nem içeriğini olumlu yönde etkilemesine rağmen, aynı iklim ve toprak koşullarında tapanın birden fazla geçiş sayısının bitki çıkış ve veriminde düşüşlere neden ...

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Opener, packer wheel and packing force effects on crop emergence and yield of direct seeded wheat, canola and field peas

Cited by 14 publications

References 7 publications

Nitrogen management systems to optimize spring wheat under no-till: Effects on plant development

Nitrogen management systems to optimize spring wheat under no-till: Effects on plant development

Effect of Planting Methods on Spring Canola (Brassica napus L.) Establishment and Yield in the Low-Rainfall Region of the Pacific Northwest

Pamuk Tarımında Tapan Geçiş Sayısının Toprağın Fiziksel Özellikleri, Bitki Gelişimi ve Yabancı Ot Türlerine Etkisi

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