Opening Holes in the Blanket of Inhibition: Localized Lateral Disinhibition by VIP Interneurons

Karnani, Mahesh; Jackson, Jesse; Ayzenshtat, Inbal; Sichani, Azadeh Hamzehei; Manoocheri, Kasra; Kim, Samuel; Yuste, Rafael

doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3646-15.2016

Cited by 233 publications

(241 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…and in the primary visual cortex (V1)1428. However, it has been discussed recently whether or not the PV-to-MC connection does exist in V1 as well62930.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parvalbumin- and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-expressing neocortical interneurons impose differential inhibition on Martinotti cells

et al. 2016

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Disinhibition of cortical excitatory cell gate information flow through and between cortical columns. The major contribution of Martinotti cells (MC) is providing dendritic inhibition to excitatory neurons and therefore they are a main component of disinhibitory connections. Here we show by means of optogenetics that MC in layers II/III of the mouse primary somatosensory cortex are inhibited by both parvalbumin (PV)- and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP)-expressing cells. Paired recordings revealed stronger synaptic input onto MC from PV cells than from VIP cells. Moreover, PV cell input showed frequency-independent depression, whereas VIP cell input facilitated at high frequencies. These differences in the properties of the two unitary connections enable disinhibition with distinct temporal features.

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“…and in the primary visual cortex (V1)1428. However, it has been discussed recently whether or not the PV-to-MC connection does exist in V1 as well62930.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parvalbumin- and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-expressing neocortical interneurons impose differential inhibition on Martinotti cells

et al. 2016

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“…Our data suggest that ChC also contribute to the high arousal state. Assuming ChCs have an inhibitory role under these conditions, this suggests that ChCs add a significant extra source of inhibition to some -but not all -PyCs during the high arousal state, in contrast to the combination of disinhibition (Fu et al, 2014;Karnani et al, 2016) and direct inhibition (Kuljis et al, 2018) from VIP neurons. L2/3 PyCs in visual cortex show a broad diversity of activation and suppression of activity during dilations of the pupil (Stringer et al, 2016;Vinck et al, 2015).…”

Section: Functional Role Of Chcsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chandelier cell anatomy and function reveal a variably distributed but common signal

Schneider-Mizell

Collman

et al. 2020

Preprint

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The activity and connectivity of inhibitory cells has a profound impact on the operation of neuronal networks. While the average connectivity of many inhibitory cell types has been characterized, we still lack an understanding of how individual interneurons distribute their synapses onto their targets and how heterogeneous the inhibition is onto different individual excitatory neurons. Here, we use large-scale volumetric electron microscopy (EM) and functional imaging to address this question for chandelier cells in layer 2/3 of mouse visual cortex. Using dense morphological reconstructions from EM, we mapped the complete chandelier input onto 153 pyramidal neurons. We find that the number of input synapses is highly variable across the population, but the variability is correlated with structural features of the target neuron: soma depth, soma size, and the number of perisomatic synapses received. Functionally, we found that chandelier cell activity in vivo was highly correlated and tracks pupil diameter, a proxy for arousal state. We propose that chandelier cells provide a global signal whose strength is individually adjusted for each target neuron. This approach, combining comprehensive structural analysis with functional recordings of identified cell types, will be a powerful tool to uncover the wiring rules across the diversity of cortical cell types.

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“…Furthermore, two-photon laser stimulation techniques now allow for targeting of single or multiple specific neurons for optogenetic manipulation [e.g. 68] as well as coupling with single cell electroporation [69], which can further help to dissect the role of specific cells within sensory cortical circuits. Activation or deactivation of specific types of cells with optogenetics is often very strong and thus it is possible that subtle changes in depolarization state of neurons that may be important in sensory processing are missed.…”

Section: Future Goals For Investigation Of the Function Of Inhibitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cortical inhibitory interneurons control sensory processing

Wood

Blackwell

Geffen

2017

Current Opinion in Neurobiology

108

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Inhibitory and excitatory neurons form intricate interconnected circuits in the mammalian sensory cortex. Whereas the function of excitatory neurons is largely to integrate and transmit information within and between brain areas, the inhibitory neurons are thought to shape the way excitatory neurons integrate information, and exhibit context-and behavior-specific responses. Over the last few years, work across sensory modalities has begun unraveling the function of distinct types of cortical inhibitory neurons in sensory processing, identifying their contribution to controlling stimulus selectivity of excitatory neurons and modulating information processing based on the behavioral state of the subject. Here, we review the results from recent studies, and discuss the implications for the contribution of inhibition to cortical circuit activity and information processing.

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Opening Holes in the Blanket of Inhibition: Localized Lateral Disinhibition by VIP Interneurons

Cited by 233 publications

References 21 publications

Parvalbumin- and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-expressing neocortical interneurons impose differential inhibition on Martinotti cells

Parvalbumin- and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-expressing neocortical interneurons impose differential inhibition on Martinotti cells

Chandelier cell anatomy and function reveal a variably distributed but common signal

Cortical inhibitory interneurons control sensory processing

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