Operating Flexibility of CO2 Injection Wells in Future Low Carbon Energy System

Spitz, Thomas; Chalmers, Hannah; Ascui, Francisco; Lucquiaud, Mathieu

doi:10.1016/j.egypro.2017.03.1619

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Particularly the injection wells can benefit from a minimum level of CO 2 flow during times of low CO 2 supply (e.g. during periods of low net demand when a majority of CCS power stations shut in and stop producing CO 2 ) as it can mitigate or avoid integrity risks associated with two phase flow occurring over the wellhead due to low backpressures from injection or backflow to the well from the reservoir (Capture Power Limited 2016, Spitz et al 2017, Spitz 2016, Jensen et al 2014. Under the floating crossover extraction strategy, part load CO 2 flows that can be exported are 11-21% higher when additionally regenerating previously stored solvent.…”

Section: Regenerated Amounts Of Comentioning

confidence: 99%

“…£50/tCO 2 and lower). The excessive variable operation can, nevertheless, lead to deleterious effects on injection wells (Lund et al 2015, Roy et al 2016, Spitz et al 2017. Both variable solvent regeneration and, in particular, solvent storage could, however, help to smooth out flows of CO 2 being exported to the downstream T&S network, by at least partially decoupling power production from CO 2 production by delaying the energy intensive step of solvent regeneration (and CO 2 production) to later points in time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It highlights to what extent solvent storage could be used by the operators of T&S networks as a method to decouple electricity production and export of CO 2 from within the boundary of CCS power plants, in order to boost CO 2 flows during periods of low electricity production. This can assist in avoiding critical low flow periods at the downstream injection well level, hence mitigating or avoiding integrity risks associated with two phase flow occurring over the wellhead due to low backpressures from injection or backflow to the well from the reservoir (Capture Power Limited 2016, Spitz et al 2017, Spitz 2016, Jensen et al 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Operating flexibility of natural gas combined cycle power plant integrated with post-combustion capture

Spitz

González-Díaz

Chalmers

et al. 2019

International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control

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Highly flexible, low-carbon electricity generation with gas-fired power stations with CO 2 capture addresses the challenges of balancing variable renewable electricity supply in low carbon electricity systems. This detailed technical assessment of flexible CO 2 capture plant operation at natural gas combined cycle power stations with post-combustion CO 2 capture examines the operating strategies of capture plant bypass and interim solvent storage. We show that solvent storage allows expanding the operating envelope of gas fired CCS power stations by +/-10%. Further we demonstrate that electricity and CO 2 output can be decoupled for up to 3 hours with approx. 6000 m 3 of additional solvent inventory for the purpose of reducing the CO 2 flow variability in downstream transportation and storage systems, mitigating potentially deleterious injection well effects. 1hr of solvent storage operation at full load can be regenerated in as fast as 2.1hrs during continuous operation of the CCS power plant by choosing a controlled steam extraction strategy from the combined cycle and thus throttling the low pressure turbine. The electricity output penalty associated with the delayed regeneration of solvent ranges from 420-450kWh/tCO 2 with this strategy, which compares to 380kWh/tCO 2 for immediate regeneration at full load design conditions. By deploying a novel variable speed drive integrally geared compressor model, we find that, unlike previously thought, an uncontrolled steam extraction strategy, referred as a floating steam extraction strategy, can lead to choking of the CO 2 compressor during additional solvent regeneration. A pre-compression stage would be necessary under this extraction strategy to restore feasible operation of the main CO 2 compressor, and makes this strategy more complex to implement. When decreasing the desorber pressure at part-load care must, therefore, be taken to respect the operating limits of the compressor. To assist with the use of rigorous plant performance data in wider electricity system models, correlations for key performance parameters of NGCC-CCS power plants at varying load, with capture bypass and additional solvent regeneration are provided.

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Section: Regenerated Amounts Of Comentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Operating flexibility of natural gas combined cycle power plant integrated with post-combustion capture

Spitz

González-Díaz

Chalmers

et al. 2019

International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…When operating only one carrier, if an unexpected failure of the carrier occurs, the entire CCS chain will be stopped, making the continuous injection of CO 2 difficult. Intermittent injection of CO 2 lowers the CO 2 injection capacity, reducing the efficiency of the entire CCS chain [48,49]. On the other hand, if two carriers are operated, one will be able to operate even if the other stops due to an unforeseen failure.…”

Section: Number Of Carriersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conceptualization of CO2 Terminal for Offshore CCS Using System Engineering Process

Noh¹,

Kang²,

Huh

et al. 2019

Energies

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In this study, the basic configuration and operation concept of a CO2 terminal were identified by conducting a system engineering process. The performance goal of a CO2 terminal was determined by requirement analysis. Then, functions and timelines were derived by functional analysis to meet the performance goal. Equipment to perform the functions were defined and finally, a process flow block diagram of the CO2 terminal was acquired. The CO2 terminal in this study consisted of three parts. First, the CO2 loading/unloading part is responsible for liquid CO2 unloading from the carrier and loading vapor CO2 onto the carrier. Secondly, the liquid CO2 transmission part extracts liquid CO2 from the storage tanks and increases the pressure until it satisfies the offshore pipeline transportation condition. The vapor-treatment part collects boil-off gas, generates vapor CO2, and charges the storage tanks with vapor CO2 to control the pressure of the storage tanks that discharge liquid CO2. Finally, the study results were compared with a liquefied natural gas (LNG) terminal. The biggest difference between the CO2 terminal in this study and the LNG terminal is that a vaporizer is essential in the CO2 terminal due to the smaller storage capacity of the CO2 terminal and, therefore, the lower amount of boil-off gas.

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“…The technical and economic feasibility of a flexible operation of fossil-fired power plants equipped with CO 2 capture has been assessed in several studies and plant operating profiles have been modelled for specific future energy system scenarios with intermittent power generation from renewable energy sources (e.g., [14,15]). Focussing on flexible power generation, few studies have assessed the resulting variations in mass flow rates and their implications on CO 2 transport and storage systems (e.g., [16][17][18][19]). To our knowledge, the associated variability of CO 2 stream composition due to mixing of CO 2 streams in larger pipeline networks has not been investigated so far.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Dynamics of CO2 Stream Composition and Mass Flow Rates in CCS Clusters

et al. 2020

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Temporal variations in CO2 stream composition and mass flow rates may occur in a CO2 transport network, as well as further downstream when CO2 streams of different compositions and temporally variable mass flow rates are fed in. To assess the potential impacts of such variations on CO2 transport, injection, and storage, their characteristics must be known. We investigated variation characteristics in a scenario of a regional CO2 emitter cluster of seven fossil-fired power plants and four industrial plants that feed captured CO2 streams into a pipeline network. Variations of CO2 stream composition and mass flow rates in the pipelines were simulated using a network analysis tool. In addition, the potential effects of changes in the energy mix on resulting mass flow rates and CO2 stream compositions were investigated for two energy mix scenarios that consider higher shares of renewable energy sources or a replacement of lignite by hard coal and natural gas. While resulting maximum mass flow rates in the trunk line were similar in all considered scenarios, minimum flow rates and pipeline capacity utilisation differed substantially between them. Variations in CO2 stream composition followed the power plants’ operational load patterns resulting e.g., in stronger composition variations in case of higher renewable energy production.

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Operating Flexibility of CO2 Injection Wells in Future Low Carbon Energy System

Cited by 7 publications

References 22 publications

Operating flexibility of natural gas combined cycle power plant integrated with post-combustion capture

Operating flexibility of natural gas combined cycle power plant integrated with post-combustion capture

Conceptualization of CO2 Terminal for Offshore CCS Using System Engineering Process

Potential Dynamics of CO2 Stream Composition and Mass Flow Rates in CCS Clusters

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