Operating Parameters Optimization for the Production of Liposomes Loaded with Antibodies Using a Supercritical Fluid-Assisted Process

Abstract

Encapsulation of antibodies represents a significant advance to protect and deliver these therapeutics in a controlled manner, increasing the stability requested to cover the temporal gap between particle production and their administration. Furthermore, using encapsulation, extracellular, cell surface, and intracellular targets can be reached. This work examines the feasibility of encapsulating mouse IgG isotype control antibodies within phosphatidylcholine-based liposomes using a supercritical fluid-based process called SuperLip (Supercritical-assisted Liposome formation). This process allows a continuous production of both nano- and micrometric liposomes with high encapsulation efficiency working under mild operative conditions. The effect of some operative parameters has been studied on liposome mean diameter, particle size distribution, and antibody entrapment efficiency, comparing these data with those collected working with liposomes obtained by the thin-layer hydration technique. In particular, the effect of water flow rate and of the antibody loading were studied. Antibody-loaded liposomes with mean diameters in the range between 205 and 501 nm have been obtained by using a supercritical fluid-assisted process. High entrapment efficiencies up to 94% have been calculated.

Nano Zero-Valent Iron (nZVI) Encapsulated with ABS (nZVI/(ABS + EC)) for Sustainable Denitrification Performance and Anti-Aggregation

“…Synchronously solving both aggregation and poor reactivity persistence constitutes the core issue for using nZVI as the reactive medium for PRB; therefore, the key technology is to synchronously implement the immobilization of nZVI particles and control the contact between the nZVI particles and contaminant. Encapsulation is typically employed to stabilize active ingredients in drug delivery [30][31][32][33], pesticides [34][35][36][37], self-healing [38], and food [39][40][41]. However, current studies [42] devoted to the use of nZVI as an alternative reactive media for PRB have mostly focused on the use of encapsulation for immobilizing nZVI to prevent aggregation.…”