Operating point optimization of wind turbine generators for provision of inertial response and frequency control

Abstract

Summary Inertial and frequency control approaches for wind turbine generators have proven to be effective in mitigating the frequency control and stability problems inherent to power systems and microgrids with high penetration levels of wind generation. This paper proposes an optimization formulation to determine the operating point of de‐loaded wind turbines in order to improve the mechanical dynamics of the wind turbine‐generator set. Such operating point optimization reduces the speed deviation magnitude and settling time of the wind turbine caused by the action of inertial and frequency control. The optimization approach is integrated into a combined inertial and frequency control approach for type‐4 wind turbine generators. The optimized control approach, based on the concept of virtual synchronous generator, may extend the inertial response and frequency control capabilities of type‐4 wind turbine generators, thus improving the transient and steady‐state frequency performance of high wind penetrated power systems.

A hybrid adaptive virtual inertia controller for virtual synchronous generators

“…In the case of the PFC proficiency, the VSG‐based HVDC systems can be equipped with PFC 26 and automatic generation control 27 capabilities by adjusting their DC link voltage. In Tessaro and de Oliveira, 28 pitch angle and wind turbine (WT) rotor speed were optimally determined in a VSG‐based type‐4 WT in order to improve the WT dynamic behaviour following a frequency drop contingency. For microgrids, an extended VSG was presented through combining the virtual inertia, virtual primary and secondary frequency controllers 29 .…”