Delving into fault diagnosis techniques for electrical machines, this comprehensive review focuses on three-phase induction motors. It covers various fault types including eccentricity, broken rotor bars, and bearing faults, discussing techniques such as Motor Current Signature Analysis (MCSA), partial discharge testing, and AI-based approaches. Providing insights into fault detection mechanisms, it emphasizes early identification for optimal machine performance and reliability. With a detailed examination of both traditional and advanced methods, the review serves as a valuable resource for practitioners and researchers in the field, facilitating informed decision-making for maintenance strategies and enhancing machine efficiency.