“…Since the γ subunit mechanically connects the F 0 and F 1 parts, the rotation of the F 1 rotor, powered by the proton flux, is transmitted to the F 0 cap, where the three ATP binding sites are sequentially altered, producing three ATP molecules per rotation [2,53,57,[61][62][63]65]. The elucidation of the F 0 F 1 ATPase required application of various experimental techniques, including atomic force microscopy imaging, crystallography, single molecule imaging, electron microscopy, and lab-on-the-chip technology, as well as construction of computational models [62,[66][67][68][69][70].…”