Operation of mitochondrial machinery in viral infection-induced immune responses

Lai, Jenn‐Haung; Luo, Shue‐Fen; Ho, Ling‐Jun

doi:10.1016/j.bcp.2018.08.044

Cited by 16 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 103 publications

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“…The relationship between mitophagy and innate immunity is discussed in recent review articles [84,97,[144][145][146][147]. The interaction between mitophagy and innate immunity is crucial for the host's protective response to infection.…”

Section: The Role Of Mitophagy In the Innate Immunitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Possible Role of Mitochondrial DNA Mutations in Chronification of Inflammation: Focus on Atherosclerosis

Orekhov

Nikiforov

Ivanova

et al. 2020

JCM

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Chronification of inflammation is the process that lies at the basis of several human diseases that make up to 80% of morbidity and mortality worldwide. It can also explain a great deal of processes related to aging. Atherosclerosis is an example of the most important chronic inflammatory pathology in terms of public health impact. Atherogenesis is based on the inflammatory response of the innate immunity arising locally or focally. The main trigger for this response appears to be modified low-density lipoprotein (LDL), although other factors may also play a role. With the quick resolution of inflammation, atherosclerotic changes in the arterial wall do not occur. However, a violation of the innate immunity response can lead to chronification of local inflammation and, as a result, to atherosclerotic lesion formation. In this review, we discuss possible mechanisms of the impaired immune response with a special focus on mitochondrial dysfunction. Some mitochondrial dysfunctions may be due to mutations in mitochondrial DNA. Several mitochondrial DNA mutations leading to defective mitophagy have been identified. The regulatory role of mitophagy in the immune response has been shown in recent studies. We suggest that defective mitophagy promoted by mutations in mitochondrial DNA can cause innate immunity disorders leading to chronification of inflammation.

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Section: The Role Of Mitophagy In the Innate Immunitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Possible Role of Mitochondrial DNA Mutations in Chronification of Inflammation: Focus on Atherosclerosis

Orekhov

Nikiforov

Ivanova

et al. 2020

JCM

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“…Besides providing energy, they have been shown to modulate programmed cell death pathways and also control innate immunity [58]. Accumulating studies suggest that mitochondria machinery stimulates cellular inflammation, especially by eliciting anti-viral signaling pathways [4,67]. Viruses following infection produce pathogen associated molecular patterns, e.g., double stranded RNA.…”

Section: Mitochondrial Dna and Anti-viral Immune Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitochondrial DNA: A Key Regulator of Anti-Microbial Innate Immunity

Kausar

Yang

Abbas

et al. 2020

Genes

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During the last few years, mitochondrial DNA has attained much attention as a modulator of immune responses. Due to common evolutionary origin, mitochondrial DNA shares various characteristic features with DNA of bacteria, as it consists of a remarkable number of unmethylated DNA as 2′-deoxyribose cytidine-phosphate-guanosine (CpG) islands. Due to this particular feature, mitochondrial DNA seems to be recognized as a pathogen-associated molecular pattern by the innate immune system. Under the normal physiological situation, mitochondrial DNA is enclosed in the double membrane structure of mitochondria. However, upon pathological conditions, it is usually released into the cytoplasm. Growing evidence suggests that this cytosolic mitochondrial DNA induces various innate immune signaling pathways involving NLRP3, toll-like receptor 9, and stimulator of interferon genes (STING) signaling, which participate in triggering downstream cascade and stimulating to produce effector molecules. Mitochondrial DNA is responsible for inflammatory diseases after stress and cellular damage. In addition, it is also involved in the anti-viral and anti-bacterial innate immunity. Thus, instead of entire mitochondrial importance in cellular metabolism and energy production, mitochondrial DNA seems to be essential in triggering innate anti-microbial immunity. Here, we describe existing knowledge on the involvement of mitochondrial DNA in the anti-microbial immunity by modulating the various immune signaling pathways.

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“…As an example, nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) treatments for HIV-1 infection have been associated with mitochondrial DNA loss, altered membrane potential, inhibition of electron transport chain complexes, impairment of FAO and lower ATP production [58,59]. Similarly, many reports exist of different viruses modulating the mitochondria to enhance their replication [60][61][62]. Mitochondrial modulations by viruses are twofold.…”

Section: Cannabinoids and Viral Infections: Potential Role Of Mitochomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Firstly, considering that mitochondria play a crucial role in antiviral immunity, certain viruses interfere with functions conferring that role in order to proliferate. These include the disturbance of mitochondrial dynamics such as fission and fusion, the induction of mitophagy, and the regulation of apoptotic processes [61]. Secondly, some viruses will exploit the cell's membrane transport pathways, generating organelles named viral factories.…”

Section: Cannabinoids and Viral Infections: Potential Role Of Mitochomentioning

confidence: 99%

Cannabinoid-Induced Immunomodulation during Viral Infections: A Focus on Mitochondria

Beji

Loucif

Telittchenko

et al. 2020

Viruses

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This review examines the impact of cannabinoids on viral infections, as well as its effects on the mitochondria of the nervous and immune system. The paper conveys information about the beneficial and negative impacts of cannabinoids on viral infections, especially HIV-1. These include effects on the inflammatory response as well as neuroprotective effects. We also explore non-apoptotic mitochondrial pathways modulated by the activity of cannabinoids, resulting in modifications to cellular functions. As a large part of the literature derives from studies of the nervous system, we first compile the information related to mitochondrial functions in this system, particularly through the CB1 receptor. Finally, we reflect on how this knowledge could complement what has been demonstrated in the immune system, especially in the context of the CB2 receptor and Ca2+ uptake. The overall conclusion of the review is that cannabinoids have the potential to affect a broad range of cell types through mitochondrial modulation, be it through receptor-specific action or not, and that this pathway has a potential implication in cases of viral infection.

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Operation of mitochondrial machinery in viral infection-induced immune responses

Cited by 16 publications

References 103 publications

Possible Role of Mitochondrial DNA Mutations in Chronification of Inflammation: Focus on Atherosclerosis

Possible Role of Mitochondrial DNA Mutations in Chronification of Inflammation: Focus on Atherosclerosis

Mitochondrial DNA: A Key Regulator of Anti-Microbial Innate Immunity

Cannabinoid-Induced Immunomodulation during Viral Infections: A Focus on Mitochondria

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