Operation of the intensity monitors in beam transport lines at Fermilab during Run II

Abstract

The intensity of charged particle beams at Fermilab must be kept within pre-determined safety and operational envelopes in part by assuring all beam within a few percent has been transported from any source to destination. Beam instensity monitors with toroidial pickups provide such beam intensity measurements in the transport lines between accelerators at FNAL. During Run II, much effort was made to continually improve the resolution and accuracy of the system.

Nondestructive synchronous beam current monitor

“…5 The signal is processed with a field programmable gate array and the main source of noise identified is the analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog conversions.…”

“…5 MHz, but it can operate using harmonic acceleration, so the energy range of the machine is limited only by the capabilities of the magnet, not the RF system.…”

The Legacy of the Tevatron in the Area of Accelerator Science

“…Among the most notable contributions of the Tevatron to the accelerator technology and beam physics are the development and first large scale deployment of accelerator quality superconducting high field magnets; the first high energy accelerator ever built with permanent magnets; the world's most advanced antiproton production and cooling complex which delivered more than 90% of the world's total man-made nuclear antimatter (17 nanograms) over the decades; the highest performance antiproton stochastic cooling and electron cooling systems; the first extensive operational use of slip-stacking and barrier bucket rf manipulation methods; electron lenses for beam-beam compensation and hollow electron beam collimation; great advancements in beam physics through the studies of the beam-beam effects, crystal collimation, electron cloud (83) and beam emittance growth mechanisms; new theories of beam optics (84,85), intra-beam scattering and instabilities (86); sophisticated beam-beam and luminosity modeling (87,88); and more efficient beam instrumentation (89,90,91,92,93,94,95,96).…”

“…electron lenses for beam-beam compensation and hollow electron beam collimation; great advancements in beam physics through the studies of the beam-beam effects, crystal collimation, electron cloud (83) and beam emittance growth mechanisms; new theories of beam optics (84,85), intra-beam scattering and instabilities (86); sophisticated beam-beam and luminosity modeling (87,88); and more efficient beam instrumentation (89,90,91,92,93,94,95,96).…”

Longitudinal bunch monitoring at the Fermilab Tevatron and Main Injector synchrotrons

“…The measurement of the time distribution of a bunch is typically made by a wall current monitor (WCM) which, by various means, samples the image currents induced on the wall of the beampipe [2][3][4][5]. The most recent incarnation at Fermilab is a resistive version [6,7] and is the basis of the measurements described in this article.…”