OPERATION OF THE WASTE CALCINING FACILITY WITH HIGHLY RADIOACTIVE AQUEOUS WASTE. Report of the First Processing Campaign

Commander, R.E.; Lohse, G.E.; Black, D.E.; Cooper, Eliot

doi:10.2172/4515948

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…The best information located on the fission product inventory for aluminum calcine is that for Bin Set 1. The calcine in Bin Set 1 was processed in the Waste Calcining Facility (WCF) between December 1963 and October 1964' (Commander 1966). The calcined waste came primarily fiom the deep tanks identified in Table 1.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Waste disposal options report. Volume 2

Russell¹,

McDonald²,

Banaee³

et al. 1998

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The waste products of the no action alternative include:(1) existing calcine(2) calcine produced during the H4 calciner campaign, in which waste from Tank WM-188, an evaporated (3) calcine from calcination of blended and evaporated wastes from WM-185 and WM-187, presently (4) calcine of the remaining Sodium-Bearing Waste (SBW), including waste presently in WM-180, WM-(5) calcine from other wastes generated by ICCP facilities from 1996-2012. blend of waste previously stored in WM-189 and WM-183, is calcined stored in WM-189, plus calcine fiom the remaining wastes in WM-185 and WM-187 181, WM-184, and WM-186, and referred to as the "2008 composite" The volume of the existing calcine, as estimated by Dan Staiger, is 3809 m3.(I2)The volume of calcine produced from WM-188 has been calculated by Robert Rivard.3 Rivard calculates calcine volumes of 158 to 248 m3 for A1 to Na + K ratios of 3.2 to 6.3. I suggest that we use his calcine volume calculated at an A1 to Na + K ratio of 3.467, which is 166 m3. Rivard used a calcine density of 1.653 g/cm3 in his volume calculations. The waste which was previously in WM-189 was the last tank of "high level" waste.Blends of tank farm wastes fiom WM-185 (SBW) and WM-187 (a dilute-fluoride waste of secondand third cycle raffinates along with flushes and decon wastes) were evaporated in the High Level Liquid Waste Evaporator (HLLWE) in December of 1996 and January of 1997, and are being stored in W-189.4 The flowsheet for calcination of this waste has not been defined, nor has the completion of the evaporation of liquids in these two tanks. To estimate the calcine volume that will be produced from this waste, I assumed an A1 to Na + K mole ratio of 3.5, and used tank volumes and compositions from Reference 6 for WM-189 and WM-187, compositions of WM -185 from Reference 4 and a volume of WM-185 from a phone conversation with Clark Millet, May 22,1997. I assumed a heel of 14,000 gal remained in each of the tanks, and a calcine density of 1.2 g/cm3. Based on the above assumptions, the estimated calcine volume for WM-185/WM-187 tanks is 160 m3. The calcine chemistry in these calculations was based on O'Brien (Reference 55).Using the same method, calcine volumes fiom SBW were estimated based on a composite composition for WM-180, WM-181, WM-184, and WM-186, as given in Reference 7. The evaporated volume of this waste is estimated to be 790,000 gal or 3 million liters. The estimated calcine volume, assuming a calcine density of 1.2 g/cm3, is as follows:AV(Na+K) Mole Ratio Calcine Volume based on 500°C calcination, m3 1

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Waste disposal options report. Volume 2

Russell¹,

McDonald²,

Banaee³

et al. 1998

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“…The calcine collected during the nonradioactive testing was removed prior to radioactive operation and later used as calciner startup bed. The CSSF I bins were filled with its current calcine inventory between November 1963 and October 1964 during WCF Campaign 1 (Commander et al 1966).…”

Section: Calcined Solids Storage Facility Imentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Table 6 contains three slightly differing columns of data for the volume of liquid waste calcined. The first column of data (historical) is the volume of waste calcined per historical calciner campaign reports (Commander 1966;Lohse and Hales 1970;Bendixsen, Lohse, and Hales 1971;Weilang, Lohse, and Hales 1972;Weilang and Freeby 1973;Childs, Donovan, and Swenson 1982). Formal calciner campaign reports were never written for some of the calciner campaigns, so information for those campaigns came from the INTEC operating contractor's monthly production reports.…”

Section: Volume Of Waste Calcinedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calcined Waste Storage at the Idaho Nuclear Technology and Engineering Center

Swenson¹,

Staiger²

2018

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This comprehensive report provides definitive volume, mass, and composition (chemical and radioactivity) of calcined waste stored at the Idaho Nuclear Technology and Engineering Center. Calcine composition data are required for regulatory compliance (such as permitting and waste disposal), future treatment of the calcine, and shipping the calcine to an off-Site facility (such as a geologic repository).This report also contains a description of the calcine storage bins. The Calcined Solids Storage Facilities (CSSFs) were designed by different architectural engineering firms and built at different times. Each CSSF has a unique design, reflecting varying design criteria and lessons learned from historical CSSF operation. The varying CSSF designs will affect future calcine retrieval processes and equipment.Revision 4 of this report presents refinements and enhancements of calculations concerning the composition, volume, mass, chemical content, and radioactivity of calcined waste produced and stored within the CSSFs.The historical calcine samples are insufficient in number and scope of analysis to fully characterize the entire inventory of calcine in the CSSFs. Sample data exist for all the liquid wastes that were calcined. This report provides calcine composition data based on liquid waste sample analyses, volume of liquid waste calcined, calciner operating data, and CSSF operating data using several large Microsoft Excel (Microsoft 2003) databases and spreadsheets that are collectively called the Historical Processing Model. The calcine composition determined by this method compares favorably with historical calcine sample data.

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“…Waste from WM-188 could not be calcined because the aluminum concentration was too low and bed height could not be maintained. Composition of WM-188 waste was: 1.08 M Al and 0.53 M H + (Commander et al 1966). …”

Section: Cold Startup Of the Waste Calcining Facilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Summary of Waste Calcination at INTEC

O`Brien¹,

Newby²

2000

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A summary of waste calcination in full-scale and pilot plant calciners has been compiled for future reference. The summary includes feed chemical composition and process operating parameters for: 1) Waste Calcining Facility (WCF) cold operation and hot campaign H-1 through H-9 from 1961 to 1981; 2) New Waste Calcining Facility (NWCF) cold operation and hot campaigns H-1 through H-4 from 1981 to 2000; and 3) smallscale feed blend tests conducted using non-radioactive simulants in various sizes of pilot plant calciners with fluidized-beds from 4 in. diameter up to 2 foot square. These summaries provide a historical record of calcination development at INTEC, give the range of feed compositions and feed additives that have been tested, and will be useful for evaluating calcinability of future wastes.In the calcination process, the liquid wastes are sprayed using air-atomizing nozzles into a fluidized bed of heated spherical calcine particles, evaporating water and nitric acid in the wastes and leaving behind solid-phase metal oxides. Heat was originally provided by re-circulating liquid eutectic sodium/potassium alloy through heat exchange tubes located in the bed. In 1970 the heat input was changed to in-bed combustion (IBC) of kerosene fuel, sprayed directly into the bed through oxygen atomized fuel nozzles, and the calcination temperature was increased to 500 o C. NWCF testing at 600°C with IBC was performed during AprilJune 1999 and April-May 2000.The successful calcination of a given waste is dependent primarily on the major chemical constituents (greater than about 0.05 molar) and the concentration (or diluteness) of dissolved solids in the waste feed. Chemical additives used for calcination have been calcium nitrate to control halide volatility, boric acid to promote amorphous alumina formation, and aluminum nitrate to dilute the sodium content in the calcine. Wastes which were difficult to calcine alone due to diluteness, inability to control particle size, or formation of agglomerates could often be calcined as blends with more amenable wastes. vi vii ACKNOWLEGEMENTS I would like to acknowledge Billie J. Newby for his years of hard work and dedication, over his 30+ years at the Idaho Chemical Processing Plant. His meticulous notes on calcination have been extremely helpful over the years. A great many others, too numerous to mention, worked on calcination development and operation over the years; and they should all be proud to have pioneered the most successful high-level radioactive waste solidification process in the Department of Energy (DOE) complex. I would also like to acknowledge R. M. Gifford for typing and preparing this report for publication.viii ix CONTENTS

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OPERATION OF THE WASTE CALCINING FACILITY WITH HIGHLY RADIOACTIVE AQUEOUS WASTE. Report of the First Processing Campaign

Cited by 8 publications

References 1 publication

Waste disposal options report. Volume 2

Waste disposal options report. Volume 2

Calcined Waste Storage at the Idaho Nuclear Technology and Engineering Center

Summary of Waste Calcination at INTEC

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