Operation PeaceWorks

Duncan, Tyrone E.; Waxman, Kenneth; Romero, Javier; Diaz, Graal

doi:10.1097/ta.0000000000000179

Cited by 14 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…There is increasing evidence that these HVIPs are effective in reducing injury recidivism. 28,32,33 These programs focus on the social circumstances of the patient and modifiable risk factors for recidivism including employment, mental health services, and substance abuse counseling. There is greatest efficacy of these programs when focusing on the highest risk populations such as trauma recidivists.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is greatest efficacy of these programs when focusing on the highest risk populations such as trauma recidivists. 28,33 In a randomized control trial of a HVIP assessing patients with recurrent injuries on parole or probation, Cooper et al 28 found lower rates of injury recidivism (5% vs 36%), lower rates of future arrests (Relative Risk 0.4, 95% CI 0.28, 0.67), and higher rates of employment (+43% vs −25%) in the intervention group compared with the control. Additionally, Duncan et al 33 found a 16% decrease in assaults in the area around a given trauma center after the implementation of a program that included mentoring, counseling, job placement, and education components.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Trauma Recidivism Predicts Long-term Mortality

2017

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Objectives The objectives of this study were to determine the association between recurrent trauma admissions (recidivism) and subsequent long-term mortality, and to identify those in most need for preventive interventions. Background Patients with a single intentional injury have been shown to have a higher risk of future injury mortality than those with unintentional injury with 5-year mortality rates as high as 20% being reported for recurrent penetrating trauma. Trauma recidivism identifies a high-risk population, but its association with long-term mortality is largely unknown. Methods Patients with 1 or more previous admissions to an urban trauma center (recidivists) were identified and compared with those with single admissions (nonrecidivists) from 1997 to 2008. The trauma registry was linked to the National Death Index to determine both the cause and time to death after hospital discharge. Statistical analysis included chi-square tests, Kaplan-Meier survival curves, and Cox proportional-hazards models. Results Trauma recidivists were 7% of the total trauma population from 1997 to 2008, representing 3147 patients. Recidivists were more likely to be male (P < 0.0001), Black (P < 0.0001), have a blood alcohol content above 80mg/dL (P < 0.0001), and suffer a penetrating injury (P < 0.0001) compared with nonrecidivists. Recidivists with both initial blunt and penetrating injuries had higher rates of long-term mortality after discharge. Recidivists were more likely to die of any cause based on Cox proportional-hazard ratios [hazard ratio (HR) 1.77, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.57–2.01], injury death (HR 2.02, 95% CI 1.66–2.47), and disease death (HR 1.65, 95% CI 1.41–1.92) than nonrecidivists. Conclusions Male sex, Black race, and elevated blood alcohol content and penetrating injury are associated with trauma recidivism which leads to a higher risk of death. There is a critical public health need to develop interventions to reduce trauma recidivism and preventable death.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trauma Recidivism Predicts Long-term Mortality

2017

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“…10 Other HVIPs successfully addressed the CJ needs of their clients by providing navigators trained to negotiate the CJ system or specially assigned parole and probation officers. 9,48,58 A randomized control trial (RCT) of violently injured patients demonstrated a 39% lower arrest rate for violent crime and 42% lower violent crime conviction for the intervention arm that received a specialized caseworker and probation or parole officer. 9 This RCT's findings suggest HVIPs can offer health benefits to their participants and their communities as well as essential cost- 58 benefits to both the medical and CJ systems.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utilizing a combined hospital and criminal justice database to identify risk factors for repeat firearm injury or violent-crime arrest among firearm victims

Reitz

Hawk²,

Schwimmer

et al. 2022

Med Sci Law

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Introduction: Identifying firearm victims with the greatest risk of repeat-firearm exposure and offering interventions has the potential to disrupt recurrent violence. This study explored risk factors associated with repeat violence among survivors of intentional firearm injury in a unique clinical and criminal justice (CJ) dataset. Methods: This study analyzed a retrospective cohort (n = 4058) of persons injured by nonfatal intentional firearm violence from 2013 to 2016 in one metropolitan area. Data were collected from a single level I trauma center, city police records, and state CJ databases from 1948 to 2019. The primary outcome of interest was another firearm injury or violent-crime arrest (defined as a violent or firearm felony offense). Results: Among 4058 nonfatal intentional firearm victims, 1202 (29.6%) individuals had a repeat-firearm injury or violent-crime arrest. In a bivariate analysis, history of mental, physical, and/or emotional abuse (odds ratio [OR], 1.62; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.40–1.86), mental health diagnosis (OR, 1.88; 95% CI, 1.51–2.35), or illegal substance use (OR, 2.87; 95% CI, 2.48–3.32) was associated with increased risk of repeat-firearm injury or violent-crime arrest. Prior felony arrest (OR, 3.68; 95% CI, 3.19–4.24), prior incarceration (OR, 3.72; 95% CI, 3.04–4.56), prior firearm charge (OR, 4.06; 95% CI, 3.33–4.96), and suspected gang membership (OR, 8.69; 95% CI, 6.14–12.32) demonstrated the greatest association with significant repeat violence. Conclusions: Thirty percent of those who experienced an intentional firearm injury were found to have a repeat-firearm injury or violent-crime arrest multi-disciplinary interventions that address the complex needs of a CJ-involved population are needed to mitigate significant repeat violence.

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“…The general structure includes case management, mentoring for high-risk youth, interruption of violence through conflict mediation, community mobilization, public education, and partnership with public stakeholders such as educators, community organizers, health departments, and faith-based leaders. [12][13][14] There is no currently accepted model that details which of the above program components are most effective, and the programs can be highly variable in their approach, owing to the necessity for them to be informed by the community and local culture. Cure Violence is a public health program that utilizes outreach workers (OWs), to mediate violent conflicts, behaviors, and social norms about violence.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Community-based programs employ a similar model, and are highly tailored to the individual needs and culture of each community. The general structure includes case management, mentoring for high-risk youth, interruption of violence through conflict mediation, community mobilization, public education, and partnership with public stakeholders such as educators, community organizers, health departments, and faith-based leaders 12–14 . There is no currently accepted model that details which of the above program components are most effective, and the programs can be highly variable in their approach, owing to the necessity for them to be informed by the community and local culture.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%