Operation Planning of District Heating and Cooling Plants Considering Contract Violation Penalties

Abstract

Urban district heating and cooling (DHC) systems operate large freezers, heat exchangers, and boilers to stably and economically supply hot and cold water, steam, etc., based on customer demand. We formulate an operation-planning problem as a nonlinear integer programming problem for an actual DHC plant. To reflect actual decision making appropriately, we incorporate contract-violation penalties into the running cost consisting of fuel and arrangements expenses. We, then, solve operation-planning problems with and without penalties, demonstrating the effectiveness of taking penalties into consideration.

District cooling systems and individual cooling systems: Comparative analysis and impacts of key factors

“…DCSs are often coupled with district heating systems (Chinese 2008;Erdem et al 2010;Kato et al 2008), or combined heat and power (CHP) systems to supply users cooling, heat and power simultaneously, which are combined cooling, heat and power (CCHP) systems (Nagae et al 2011;Zhu et al 2008). The CCHP system can achieve high efficiency due to heat recovery measures and cooling production via absorption chillers (Fu et al 2011).…”