Operational Analysis and Development of Coal Liquefaction 1t/d Process Supporting Unit.

Mochizuki, Michiharu; Imada, Kunihiro; Inokuchi, Kenji; Nogami, Yasuyuki

doi:10.3775/jie.76.1074

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Quantitative Analysis of Deposits. There have been several studies related to behavior of inorganic matter in the liquefaction process. − ,− In these studies, inorganic matter in deposits, − liquefaction residue, and extract solution after solid−liquid separation 10,11 were characterized. However, no systematic and quantitative analysis of the deposits in the liquefaction plant has been made so far, and therefore details of the mechanism of deposit formation have not been understood yet.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The operation was almost successful; however, it was reported that some problems occurred related to the solid deposition in several units in the facility. − The deposit reduced the effective volume of the reactor and connecting pipe, resulting in a significant pressure drop and decrease of residence time of the slurry in the reactor. There have been several reports about the deposits in coal liquefaction plants. − In these studies, the deposits in coal liquefaction plant were analyzed qualitatively. For example, Aramaki et al analyzed the carbonaceous and inorganic solids in deposits of a 150 t/day pilot plant.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis of Inorganic Constituents Deposited in a 150 T/day Coal Liquefaction Pilot Plant

Matsuoka¹,

Tomita²,

Shah³

et al. 2001

Energy Fuels

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A wide variety of inorganic constituents were deposited in several units of the NEDOL coal liquefaction pilot plant with a capacity of 150 tons per day. The inorganic constituents were analyzed by CCSEM, XRD and XRF. In the first liquefaction reactor, the growth of crystalline quartz and the interaction of calcium with mineral and/or catalyst were observed to be significant. The inorganic particles of larger size (> about 100 μm) were accumulated in the first liquefaction reactor while the smaller particles were flushed out to downstream. The small catalyst particles were mainly accumulated in the high-temperature separator and the other interacted particles were mainly accumulated in the outlet pipe after letdown valve.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Inorganic Constituents Deposited in a 150 T/day Coal Liquefaction Pilot Plant

Matsuoka¹,

Tomita²,

Shah³

et al. 2001

Energy Fuels

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“…Okuma et al (1999) analyzed sediments in a liquefaction reactor using a Victorian brown coal and found that the solids were multilayered carbonates of Ca, Mg, and Na. Mochizuki et al (1997) analyzed deposits from reactors of a process supporting unit (PSU), which was designed and operated based on the NEDOL Process (capacity, 1 ton of coal per day; reactor dimensions, 0.175 m in diameter and 1.75 m in height). The cores of these particles contained Si and Al, and the concentric shells outside of the cores were largely composed of Ca.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Simulation of the Accumulation of Solid Particles in Coal Liquefaction Reactors Based on the NEDOL Process

Onozaki¹,

Namiki²,

Aramaki³

et al. 2000

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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A direct coal liquefaction plant was constructed in Kashima, Japan, based on the concept of “NEDOL Process”, and successfully processed 150 tons of Tanitorarum coal per day during 1997−1998. The plant was equipped with three reactors: 1 m in diameter and 11.8 m in length, connected in series. During the operation, solid particles were accumulated mainly in the first reactor. Slurry samples were directly removed from the reactors, and size distributions of solid particles were determined. Two types of particles were found: particles with cores and particles without cores. The size of the former particles was in the range of 10−200 μm, while that of the latter particles was 1−80 μm. The growth rate of the particles was estimated to be 0.10 nm s-1 under the reaction conditions. The solid accumulation in the first reactor was classified into a dense region in the lower part of the reactor and a lean region extending above the dense region. The former region was expressed as a three-phase fluidized bed model, and the latter was expressed by a one-dimensional sedimentation−dispersion model. These reactor models were validated on the basis of pressure differences and particle size distributions. It was confirmed by the simulation that removing a small amount of solids from the bottom of the first reactor was effective to achieve a long-term continuous operation without accumulation of coarse solid particles.

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“…Conventional coal liquefaction, which relies primarily on the thermal cracking of internuclear bonds, is basically attributed to a radical reaction at 430−500 °C under high hydrogen pressure (15−20 MPa) to prevent the radicals produced by the cleavage reaction from recombining in retrogressive reactions. The NEDOL 1t/d Process Supporting Unit of the New Energy Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO) in Japan developed a thermal coal liquefaction process using a synthetic pyrite catalyst . It is well-known that a pyrite catalyst (FeS 2 ) promotes thermal coal liquefaction. − However, the thermal process of coal liquefaction creates a lot of gaseous product (16%−25%).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Superacid-Catalyzed Depolymerization and Thermal Depolymerization of Bituminous CoalCatalysis by Superacid HF/BF₃ and Synthetic Pyrite

and¹,

Kawashima²

1999

Energy Fuels

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Depolymerization of bituminous coal by conventional thermal reaction, both with and without a synthetic pyrite catalyst, and a superacid-catalyzed reaction using a mixture of hydrogen fluoride and boron trifluoride were examined to study differences between radical and ionic reactions in coal depolymerization. All reactions took place under hydrogen without any solvent. Depolymerization of bituminous Miike coal was comparatively homogeneous following the superacidcatalyzed reaction with HF/BF 3 , but was heterogeneous following the thermal reaction using the synthetic pyrite catalyst. Because a reaction temperature of 440 °C was required to cleave the linkages between the coal molecules, the thermal reaction probably promoted dealkylation (removal of alkyl side chains) as well as simultaneously promoting negative reactions such as condensation. In contrast, the superacid-catalyzed reaction at 150 °C predominantly promoted coal depolymerization and did not cause significant dealkylation, providing a highly soluble product. The synthetic pyrite catalyst accelerated deoxygenation of coal, resulting in higher extractability than that following the thermal reaction without a catalyst although the synthetic pyrite catalyst does not have substantial hydrogenation catalytic activity in the presence of gaseous hydrogen.

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Operational Analysis and Development of Coal Liquefaction 1t/d Process Supporting Unit.

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

Analysis of Inorganic Constituents Deposited in a 150 T/day Coal Liquefaction Pilot Plant

Analysis of Inorganic Constituents Deposited in a 150 T/day Coal Liquefaction Pilot Plant

A Simulation of the Accumulation of Solid Particles in Coal Liquefaction Reactors Based on the NEDOL Process

Comparison of Superacid-Catalyzed Depolymerization and Thermal Depolymerization of Bituminous CoalCatalysis by Superacid HF/BF₃ and Synthetic Pyrite

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Operational Analysis and Development of Coal Liquefaction 1t/d Process Supporting Unit.

Cited by 6 publications

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Analysis of Inorganic Constituents Deposited in a 150 T/day Coal Liquefaction Pilot Plant

Analysis of Inorganic Constituents Deposited in a 150 T/day Coal Liquefaction Pilot Plant

A Simulation of the Accumulation of Solid Particles in Coal Liquefaction Reactors Based on the NEDOL Process

Comparison of Superacid-Catalyzed Depolymerization and Thermal Depolymerization of Bituminous CoalCatalysis by Superacid HF/BF3 and Synthetic Pyrite

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Comparison of Superacid-Catalyzed Depolymerization and Thermal Depolymerization of Bituminous CoalCatalysis by Superacid HF/BF₃ and Synthetic Pyrite