“…In this context, complexity is estimated by analysing the deviation between observed and scheduled resource states (in other words, the probability of a resource being out of schedule) which is captured through real-time process observations taken at regular intervals. This symptom is a consequence of dynamic complexity and investigated by means of Shannon entropy in numerous studies (Alfaro and Sepulveda, 2006;Calinescu et al, 1998;Calinescu, 2002;Frizelle and Suhov, 2001;Frizelle and Woodcock, 1995;Huaccho Huatuco et al, 2009;Sivadasan et al, 2010;Smart et al, 2013;Wu et al, 2007;Zhang and Efstathiou, 2006;Zhang, 2011Zhang, , 2012. The third symptom in this class is the uncertainty in handling increased product variety which is often linked to the risk factors associated with operator's choices of tools, fixtures, and assembly procedures.…”