Operational cost analysis for a container shipping network integrated with offshore container port system: A case study on the West Coast of North America

Kurt, İsmail; Aymelek, Murat; Boulougouris, Evangelos; Turan, Osman

doi:10.1016/j.marpol.2021.104400

Cited by 13 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The former can adopt a strategy based on attracting mega-ships, one of the main advantages of OCPS, to a certain region, country, or city, as in the Venice offshore port project. In this strategy, the cumulative benefit provided by mega-ships and OCPSs in total transportation costs is expected to tolerate the transhipment cost incurred by the OCPS (Kurt et al, 2021). In Klusen (2016)'s interview with Mr. Hank Glauser (Principal Investigator for Global Security at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, US) about offshore port facilities, Mr. Glauser highlights that operating costs will increase due to operating offshore, but thanks to the container shipping network that has been created, the transportation cost reduction of $ 400-600 per TEU can tolerate port costs.…”

Section: Comparative Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The usual solutions recommended for these demands of the container transportation industry are port expansion projects, faster, technological and long-reach handling equipment, dredging, and enhancement of existing port facilities and hinterland connections (Harrison et al, 2000, Notteboom and Rodrigue, 2009, Rodrigue, 2011, Imai et al, 2013, Merk et al, 2015, Helmy and Shrabia, 2016, Merk, 2018, Park and Suh, 2019, Lee et al, 2020. Another approach is to develop offshore transfer hubs to eliminate the dimensional problems caused by mega containerships, and to contribute to an efficient understanding of container transportation (Ircha, 2001, Pluijm, 2014, Pachakis et al, 2017, Kurt et al, 2021. Kim and Morrison (2012) examine the classification and economic feasibility of offshore port concepts in their study.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These are; (1) safe navigation, (2) ability to handle mega-ships without dimensional restrictions, (3) low initial investment cost, (4) operational efficiency and savings, and (5) low environmental impact (Baird and Rother, 2013, Pachakis et al, 2017, Kurt et al, 2021. With the aforementioned advantages, the offshore port concept is offered as a response to satisfy the needs of the ever-increasing vessel size, Comparative technical-economic evaluation of offshore container port systems especially for Southern Europe, the east coast of America and Africa regions (Pluijm, 2014, Pachakis et al, 2017.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparative technical-economic evaluation of offshore container port systems

Kurt

Boulougouris

Pachakis³

2023

Ships and Offshore Structures

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In line with the monotonic growth trend of the container industry, container ships and ports have grown along with technical development. While this growth has increased economic sustainability by reducing costs, it had a significant impact on ports both operationally and infrastructural. In this context, the offshore port systems are expected to be an innovative port system that facilitates the effective use of mega container ships by offering significant operational and structural advantages. In this study, the investment costs of the offshore container port system (OCPS) and conventional port structures are compared. The purpose of this study is to serve as a guide for authorities on whether OCPS is worth investing in, in terms of investment costs as a result of processing data. This article highlights the financial feasibility of an offshore port, which is currently seen as a remote option, but has nonetheless environmental financial advantages for certain locations and can allow countries with difficult nautical access to mega vessels to enter the global trade network. The data to be used in this research were obtained from similar projects and studies with a series of industry assumptions. Overall, these results indicate that offshore container port systems promise to compete with conventional ports in terms of initial investment costs, operating costs, and return time of the investment. Thus, OCPS can help to achieve a more sustainable container transportation network, by combining operational and structural advantages with efficiency in terms of investment costs.

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Section: Comparative Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparative technical-economic evaluation of offshore container port systems

Kurt

Boulougouris

Pachakis³

2023

Ships and Offshore Structures

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“…Many floating port projects have been put into use to provide operational flexibility thanks to its technical advantage over the existing traditional port (Kim & Morrison, 2012). Kurt et al (2021) presented offshore container port systems as an alternative to existing ports to be able to handle mega ships, and at the same time, capacity increase will be possible in the existing port area. Venice Offshore-Onshore Port System (VOOPS), another important offshore port project, is proposed both to increase the port capacity of the region and as an alternative port structure for historic Venice, which will be affected by SLR (Pachakis et al, 2017).…”

Section: Floating Portsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy Efficiency Evaluation and Forecasting of the Sussex Ports to Address Climate Change Concerns: a Data-driven Decision Model

AYMELEK,

Kurt

2023

SSRN Journal

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“…ports, which promise a systematic approach to the relocation measure offered for SLR, also have the potential to attract attention with their short payback period. Floating ports, with their low investment cost, high return rate, and other techno-physical advantages compared to conventional ports, can be considered as an alternative against the SLR threat(Kim & Morrison, 2012;Baird & Rother, 2013;Kurt et al, 2015Kurt et al, , 2021Kurt et al, , 2023. Creating a sheltered area for a floating port may require the construction of a breakwater, which can cause a significant increase in cost and may negatively affect the economic feasibility of floating ports.…”

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confidence: 99%

Floating Ports as Support for Port Relocation Measures on Sea Level Rise

Kurt

2024

Marine Science and Technology Bulletin

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Ports are one of the structures where the effects of global warming are most severe and intense in atmospheric, oceanic, and geographical terms. According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)'s assessment reports, although it is possible to slow down global warming by reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, it is not foreseen to stop global warming and sea level rise (SLR) in any scenario. The rising sea level, an inevitable consequence of global warming, is a clear threat to conventional port facilities. In summary, SLR triggered by climate change, which is today's hot topic, may cause conventional port infrastructures to be flooded and lose their functionality. To cope with this threat, port facility planning, and design stages must be carried out by referring to the updated threshold values in Shared Socioeconomic Pathway (SSP) scenarios defined by the Working Groups of the IPCC. However, the uncertainty about the scale, timing, and location of SLR makes definitive solution-oriented approaches more prominent. One of these approaches is floating port structures. This study aims to reveal the role of floating port structures in the implementation of the relocation measure emphasized in the IPCC Sixth Assessment Report (AR6) for conventional ports under the threat of SLR. Initially, in this study, regions with higher SLR risk were identified by considering SSP scenarios contributed by Sixth Phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) data. Afterwards, the dynamic downscaling model was used to determine the regions with higher regional sea level rise (RSLR) risk and the Marine Traffic database was used to determine the ports in these regions. Thus, it is evaluated whether floating ports can be a suitable alternative in the relocation decision of ports under SLR risk. It is expected that maritime transport will be maintained at adequate security and operational levels by revealing the pros and cons of floating ports.

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Operational cost analysis for a container shipping network integrated with offshore container port system: A case study on the West Coast of North America

Cited by 13 publications

References 30 publications

Comparative technical-economic evaluation of offshore container port systems

Comparative technical-economic evaluation of offshore container port systems

Energy Efficiency Evaluation and Forecasting of the Sussex Ports to Address Climate Change Concerns: a Data-driven Decision Model

Floating Ports as Support for Port Relocation Measures on Sea Level Rise

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