Operational research on rural, community-managed Water Safety Plans: Case study results from implementations in India, DRC, Fiji, and Vanuatu

String, Gabrielle; Singleton, Roger I.; Mirindi, Patrick; Lantagne, Daniele

doi:10.1016/j.watres.2019.115288

Cited by 23 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…But the key challenge here is implementing the approach as intended. Reactive management and associated 'obstruction of water delivery' has been described even for cases where water safety planning is actively being attempted 33 (p. 5). As discussed in the following sections, implementing water safety planning as intended is likely to require external support and early inclusion.…”

Section: Contextualising Monitoring Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is also reflected in the literature on water safety planning, which frequently highlights inadequate financing [34][35][36][37] and capacity 34,35,[38][39][40] as substantial barriers to successful implementation. In rural areas in particular, inadequate financing and capacity have meant that water safety planning efforts focus on the early stages of the approach (assembling a team, describing the water supply and identifying hazards, developing and implementing a plan for improvement) but neglect the latter stages of monitoring, verification, and iterative learning 33,39 , which are crucial to the effectiveness and sustainability of the approach 29,37 . Financial and capacity-building support is needed.…”

Section: Contextualising Monitoring Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Including water quality monitoring in rural water services: why safe water requires challenging the quantity versus quality dichotomy

2020

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The need to increase drinking water quality monitoring in rural sub-Saharan Africa is widely recognised. Rural water service providers (RWSPs) may be positioned to include water quality monitoring in their activities; however, it is important that water safety activities do not compromise cooperation between the RWSP, bureaucracy, and communities. Using dilemma analysis, drawing on an institutional experiment engaging 76 stakeholders, we find that conceptualising water quality versus quantity as a dichotomy delays progress on safe water. This false dichotomy makes it more difficult to deliver water safety improvements due to contrasting assumptions about the importance of quality; risks associated with not being able to act; and unclear divisions of responsibility. Monitoring water quality can be a threat to stakeholders and stakeholder cooperation; however, this may be mitigated by including supported water safety planning in the technical and institutional design of rural water projects at their conception.

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Section: Contextualising Monitoring Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Contextualising Monitoring Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Including water quality monitoring in rural water services: why safe water requires challenging the quantity versus quality dichotomy

2020

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“…The actors ranged from research/university institutions (the WEDC and Makerere University at the initial formative stage) and international collaborators (the IWA and GIZ facilitating implementation) to government ministry and standards body (the MWE and UNBS for regulation) [7,9,25]. The international and national collaborators similarly facilitated WSP capacity building in Senegal and Burkina Faso [22], the Comoros [20], the Democratic Republic of Congo [15,16] and Kenya [17,18]. Similarly, a research project was carried out in four countries, including the DRC, to ascertain and share lessons learnt from WSP implementation with the support of UNICEF [31].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The program applied a WSP framework to ensure the delivery of safe and sustainable water services in schools and villages. In view of the poor drinking water quality observed at the household level, the promotion of household water treatment and safe storage practices was recommended [15,16]. In Kenya, the government, through the Ministry of Health issued a policy brief on water safety surveillance and recommended the training of all water service providers on WSP implementation as a means of averting frequent waterborne disease outbreaks in the country [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The DRC study was part of a four-country research project carried out in India, DRC, Fiji, and Vanuatu to ascertain and share lessons learnt from the implementation of WSPs in community-managed water supply schemes. The study revealed that WSP implementation did not lead to improvement in microbiological water quality, but there was improved understanding of risk, water safety and security and in the development of improvement plans [24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Status of Water Safety Plan Development and Implementation in Uganda

Kanyesigye

Marks

Nakanjako

et al. 2019

IJERPH

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Uganda was among the first countries in Africa that pioneered Water Safety Plan (WSP) development and implementation, with the first WSP dating back to 2002. The objective of this study was to assess WSP status in Uganda, focusing on the experience of the National Water and Sewerage Corporation (NWSC), in order to understand the factors that influenced it and strategies for scaling-up. This study consisted of a review of documentation for 20 WSPs, 42 interviews, a focus group discussion and four field visits. Results show that the development of the 20 WSPs over the last 15 years was largely incomplete and diverse. Most of the WSPs focused on system assessment and improvement, but failed to include WSP monitoring, verification and management. The monitoring of control measures was implemented in nine of the 20 systems, while verification took place in the form of internal (5/20) and external (2/20) auditing. The main barriers identified to WSP implementation were inadequate training, team composition and deployment, mistaken perception and inability to evaluate WSP effectiveness. Conversely, the main enabling factors were management commitment, public health responsibility, good customer relations, financial availability and reliable laboratories. These findings suggest a need for more institutionalization of WSPs with improved coordination across stakeholder groups.

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Highly Efficient Peroxymonosulfate Activation on Electron‐Enriched Ruthenium Dual‐Atom Sites Catalysts for Enhanced Water Purification

Xu,

Mi,

Wang

et al. 2023

Adv Funct Materials

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By rationally adjusting the coordination environment and constructing the more electron‐enriched active site in single‐atom catalysts, the effect of heterogenous peroxymonosulfate (PMS)‐based Fenton‐like reactions can be effectively improved, yet remains a severe challenge. In this study, the electron‐rich Ru dual‐atom site is successfully immobilized onto N‐doped carbon (Ru2N6‐C) for PMS activation in water purification. The presence of electron‐rich Ru dual‐atom sites not only provides more electrons for PMS but also facilitates the formation of a Yeager adsorption configuration on the catalyst surface, which enhances O─O bond cleavage and leads to an increase in •SO4− and •OH generation. Moreover, the Ru2N6‐C catalyst exhibits exceptional durability and reliability, achieving an ultra‐high efficiency with a turnover frequency of 153.95 min−1 M−1 for the naproxen degradation. A membrane reactor is further developed for the purification of wastewater, which is expected to provide a viable approach to controlling water pollution through the design of metal dual‐atom sites carbon‐based catalysts.

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Operational research on rural, community-managed Water Safety Plans: Case study results from implementations in India, DRC, Fiji, and Vanuatu

Cited by 23 publications

References 16 publications

Including water quality monitoring in rural water services: why safe water requires challenging the quantity versus quality dichotomy

Including water quality monitoring in rural water services: why safe water requires challenging the quantity versus quality dichotomy

Status of Water Safety Plan Development and Implementation in Uganda

Highly Efficient Peroxymonosulfate Activation on Electron‐Enriched Ruthenium Dual‐Atom Sites Catalysts for Enhanced Water Purification

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