Operationalization of the Sanctioning Process in Utilitarian Artificial Societies

Balke, Tina; Villatoro, Daniel

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-35545-5_10

Cited by 7 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…Balke and Villatoro [3] provide a systematic overview of possible enforcement options by identifying the roles actors can have in an enforcement setting and discussing all possible combinations of these roles in the enforcement process. We do not reproduce the details of the mechanisms analysed in [3], for sake of space as much as correctness, but draw on their conclusions to select three mechanisms to concentrate on in more detail: reputation information, image information, also known as direct trust, and police agents. We choose these because of their popularity in the agent community as much as for their complementary foundational concepts that allows us to explore a wider range of options.…”

Section: Enforcement Mechanisms For Wireless Mobile Gridsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Agent-Based Simulation Approach to Comparative Analysis of Enforcement Mechanisms

Balke

Vos

Padget

2013

Lecture Notes in Computer Science

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Incentive-based enforcement can be an effective mechanism for fostering cooperation in open distributed systems. The strength of such systems is the absence of a central controlling instance, but at the same time, they do depend upon (voluntary) regulation to achieve system goals, creating a potential "tragedy of the commons". Many different mechanisms have been proposed, both in the multi-agent systems and the social science communities, to solve the commons problem by using incentive-based enforcement. This paper advocates the use of agent-based simulation to carry out detailed comparative analysis of competing enforcement mechanisms, by providing common settings, the environment and the basis for comprehensive statistical analysis. To advance this argument, we take the case study of wireless mobile grids, a future generation mobile phone concept, to ground our experiments and analyse three different enforcement approaches: police entities, image information and a well-known existing reputation mechanism. The contribution of this paper is not the enforcement mechanisms themselves, but their comparison in a common setting through which we demonstrate by simulation and statistical analysis that enforcement can improve cooperation and that a relatively small percentage (of the population as a whole) of police agents outperforms (under the chosen metrics) image-and reputationbased approaches. Hence, qualified conclusions may be drawn for the application of such mechanisms generally in open distributed systems.

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Section: Enforcement Mechanisms For Wireless Mobile Gridsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Agent-Based Simulation Approach to Comparative Analysis of Enforcement Mechanisms

Balke

Vos

Padget

2013

Lecture Notes in Computer Science

Self Cite

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“…Although the concept of norms has been well investigated in the context of NMASs (VER-HAGEN, 2000;VERHAGEN, 2008;WU, 2011;MAHMOUD et al, 2014), the concept of sanctions still lacks a more comprehensive inspection in NMASs. Despite the existence of several works devoted to the study of enforcement (PASQUIER; FLORES; CHAIB-DRAA, 2005;GROSSI;ALDEWERELD;DIGNUM, 2007;OLIVEIRA, 2011;VILLATORO, 2012;CRIADO et al, 2013), neither of them investigate deeply the concept of sanctions in the context of NMASs; they focus primarily on norms and refer to sanctions as a secondary aspect. Moreover, they usually focus on a single norm perspective or a specific approach, rather than performing a more comprehensive analysis that could consider a greater number of viewpoints.…”

Section: Development Of a Typology Of Sanctionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a complementary approach to this taxonomy, Balke and Villatoro (2012) propose a process oriented model of sanctioning enforcement mechanisms composed by four phases: (i) Violation detection involves monitoring agents to check whether they comply with the norms. (ii) Sanctioning determination evaluates the norm deviation or compliance to determine whether to sanction or not.…”

Section: Balke and Villatoro's Enforcement Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our sanctioning enforcement process for NMAS is based on the one proposed by Balke and Villatoro (2012) (see Section 4.3.3). Their proposed process is composed of four stages: (i) Violation detection involves monitoring agents to check whether other agents comply with the norms; (ii) Sanctioning determination evaluates the violation or compliance with norms and determines a sanction; (iii) Sanctioning application takes over and applies the selected sanctions, if any; (iv) Assimilation involves monitoring the sanction application to determine its efficacy.…”

Section: Sanctioning Enforcement Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Accordingly, we refer to norms as guides of conduct prescribing how members of a group ought to behave in a given situation according to the majority of its members (ULLMANN-MARGALIT, 1977). Norms specify actions that are permitted, obligatory or prohibited under a given set of conditions, as well as the effects of complying with or violating them (BALKE; VILLATORO, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Um modelo de mecanismo adaptativo de sanções para sistemas multiagentes normativos.

Nardin¹

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Conte, bu in particular to Giulia Andrighetto for her insightful suggestions and challenging perspectives on the topic. I also express my gratitude to Anup K. Kalia, Nirav Ajmeri, Munindar P. Singh and Tina Balke to our meetings and enlightening discussions. I would thus like to thank the financial support provided by the University Global Partnership Network (UGPN) that made possible these meetings and discussions.Special thanks to my parents and sisters, for all their support during the period of this study. I would also like to thank all my friends, that near or distant (more distant than near), were extremely important for me to reach this goal. AbstractThe increasing interest on greater agent's autonomy in addition to its adaptability, bounded rationality, and heterogeneity features, and the necessity of interaction and cooperation may bring Multiagent Systems (MASs) to exhibit undesirable global behaviors. It may become even worse especially when they involve human agents who are less manageable and predictable in their actions, like in Sociotechnical Systems (STSs). These characteristics render an effective governance an essential aspect of these systems. The normative approach has been proposed as a prominent means to achieve this effectiveness, wherein norms provide a socially realistic view of interaction among autonomous parties that abstracts away low-level implementation details. Overlaid on norms is the notion of a sanction as a reaction to potentially any violation of or compliance with an expectation. Although norms have been well investigated in the context of MASs, sanctions still lack a more comprehensive inspection. We address the above-mentioned gap by proposing, first, a typology of sanctions that reflects the interplay of relevant features of STSs, second, a sanctioning enforcement process describing the functions of the diversity of components and their relationships, and third a sanctioning evaluation model that enables agents to evaluate and choose the most appropriate sanction to apply depending on a set of factors. In particular, this evaluation model enables the selection between formal or social sanctions based on how much the sanctioner can influence the social group of the sanctioned agent. This model is used to evaluate mono-type and multi-type sanctioning policies in a Smart Grid energy trading case study. Our results show that multi-type sanctioning policies do not always increase the level of norm compliance compared to mono-type sanctioning policies, yet multi-type policies are less costly.

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Classifying sanctions and designing a conceptual sanctioning process model for socio-technical systems

Nardin

Balke-Visser²,

Ajmeri³

et al. 2016

The Knowledge Engineering Review

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We understand a socio-technical system (STS) as a cyber-physical system in which two or more autonomous parties interact via or about technical elements, including the parties’ resources and actions. As information technology begins to pervade every corner of human life, STSs are becoming ever more common, and the challenge of governing STSs is becoming increasingly important. We advocate a normative basis for governance, wherein norms represent the standards of correct behaviour that each party in an STS expects from others. A major benefit of focussing on norms is that they provide a socially realistic view of interaction among autonomous parties that abstracts low-level implementation details. Overlaid on norms is the notion of a sanction as a negative or positive reaction to potentially any violation of or compliance with an expectation. Although norms have been well studied as regards governance for STSs, sanctions have not. Our understanding and usage of norms is inadequate for the purposes of governance unless we incorporate a comprehensive representation of sanctions.We address the aforementioned gap by proposing (i) a sanction typology that reflects the relevant features of sanctions, and (ii) a conceptual sanctioning process model providing a functional structure for sanctioning in STS. We demonstrate our contributions via a motivating scenario from the domain of renewable energy trading.

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Operationalization of the Sanctioning Process in Utilitarian Artificial Societies

Cited by 7 publications

References 21 publications

An Agent-Based Simulation Approach to Comparative Analysis of Enforcement Mechanisms

An Agent-Based Simulation Approach to Comparative Analysis of Enforcement Mechanisms

Um modelo de mecanismo adaptativo de sanções para sistemas multiagentes normativos.

Classifying sanctions and designing a conceptual sanctioning process model for socio-technical systems

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