Ophiostomatoid fungi associated with pines infected by Bursaphelenchus xylophilus and Monochamus alternatus in China, including three new species

Abstract

The activity of the pine wood nematode Bursaphelenchusxylophilus leads to extremely serious economic, ecological and social losses in East Asia. The nematode causes pine wilt disease, which is currently regarded as the most important forest disease in China. The pathogenic nematode feeds on dendrocola fungi to complete its cycle of infection. As the vector of the nematode, the Japanese pine sawyer (Monochamusalternatus) also carries dendrocola fungi. Pine woods, infected by B.xylophilus and tunnelled by M.alternatus, are also inhabited by ophiostomatoid fungi. These fungi are well known for their association with many bark and ambrosia beetles. They can cause sapstain and other serious tree diseases. The aims of our study were to investigate and identify the ophiostomatoid communities associated with the epidemic pine wood nematode and the pine sawyer in Pinusmassoniana and P.thunbergii forests, which are the main hosts of the pine wood nematode in China. Two hundred and forty strains of ophiostomatoid fungi were isolated from nematode and sawyer–infected trees in the coastal Shandong and Zhejiang Provinces, representing newly and historically infected areas, respectively. Six ophiostomatoid species were identified on the basis of morphological, physiological and molecular data. For the latter, DNA sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS1–5.8S–ITS2) region and partial b-tubulin gene were examined. The ophiostomatoid species included one known species, Ophiostomaips, three novel species, viz. Ophiostomaalbumsp. nov., Ophiostomamassonianasp. nov. and Sporothrixzhejiangensissp. nov. and two species whose identities are still uncertain, Ophiostomacf.deltoideosporum and Graphilbumcf.rectangulosporium, due to the paucity of the materials obtained. The ophiostomatoid community was dominated by O.ips. This study revealed that a relatively high species diversity of ophiostomatoid fungi are associated with pine infected by B.xylophilus and M.alternatus in China.

Diversity and Ecology of Marine Algicolous Arthrinium Species as a Source of Bioactive Natural Products

“…This suggested that A. saccharicola has low host specificity. Additionally, A. arundinis , A. marii , and A. sacchari have been isolated from more than one substrate in another study [7]. A. arundinis has been isolated from the leaf of Hordeum vulgare and living leaves of Fagus sylvatica in Iran and Switzerland [4].…”

“…A. arundinis has been isolated from the leaf of Hordeum vulgare and living leaves of Fagus sylvatica in Iran and Switzerland [4]. Additionally, in a recent study, 19 strains of A. arundinis were isolated from nine different hosts in China [7]. Taxonomical work on Arthrinium species isolated from marine ecosystems has been relatively lacking compared to work on those isolated from terrestrial ecosystems.…”

“…Recently, Wang et al (2018) published eight new Arthrinium spp. using three combined loci and multi-gene phylogenetic analysis with high bootstrap supports [7].…”

Ophiostomatoid fungi associated with mites phoretic on bark beetles in Qinghai, China

“…In recent years, 98 ophiostomatoid species, including 49 new species, have been reported in association with bark beetles from China (Table S1) (Lu et al 2009a(Lu et al , 2009bPaciura et al 2010aPaciura et al , 2010bZhou et al 2011Zhou et al , 2013Taerum et al 2013;Yin et al 2015Yin et al , 2016Yin et al , 2019Yin et al , 2020Wang et al 2016Wang et al , 2018Wang et al , 2019Wang et al , 2020Chang et al 2017Chang et al , 2019Liu et al 2017). The study by Chang et al (2017) was the first to report ophiostomatoid fungi associated with phoretic mites.…”

Tree Species Distribution Change Study in Mount Tai Based on Landsat Remote Sensing Image Data

“…Thirdly, in terms of diseases and insect pests, among the four main tree species, pine was most seriously affected by insect pests. Pine caterpillars, bumblebees, Alternaria alternata and other pests basically take pines as the invasion object, which makes the growth of pines weak [23].…”