1980
DOI: 10.1016/s0161-6420(80)35124-5
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Ophthalmic Manifestations of Metastatic Breast Cancer

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Cited by 71 publications
(21 citation statements)
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“…We confirmed that in 60% of cases there is a history of primary tumor, especially in mammary gland tumors (38); in 30% of cases even a complete medical history of the patient does not reveal the existence of a primary tumor (12). We should consider that metastases may simulate other non-malignant injuries such as hemangiomas, myositis, thyroid orbitopathy and other inflammatory processes.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 62%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…We confirmed that in 60% of cases there is a history of primary tumor, especially in mammary gland tumors (38); in 30% of cases even a complete medical history of the patient does not reveal the existence of a primary tumor (12). We should consider that metastases may simulate other non-malignant injuries such as hemangiomas, myositis, thyroid orbitopathy and other inflammatory processes.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 62%
“…High levels of carcinoembryonic antigens in the plasma reveal the existence of metastasis, although a negative result may not reveal its absence (38). In prostate cancer, alkaline phosphatase is high and seminomas produce human chorionic gonadotropin.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…1 The incidence of ocular metastases among patients with breast carcinoma in clinical series has been reported to vary between 8 and 10%. 2,3 The occurrence of ocular metastases may not be appreciated because of the dominant clinical picture of metastases in other organs.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The prevalence of metastases to the ocular region in patients with known disseminated cancer ranges from as low as 0.07 to as high as 27% [3, 4]. The possible increase in incidence in the last decades may reflect the longer survival of cancer patients.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%