Ophthalmic outcomes after prenatal and postnatal treatment of congenital toxoplasmosis

Brézin, Antoine P.; Thulliez, P.; Couvreur, J; Nobre, R; McLeod, Rima; Mets, Marilyn B.

doi:10.1016/s0002-9394(02)01704-x

Cited by 62 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Those authors described new chorioretinal lesions in 72% of these children during a mean follow-up time of 5.7 years; 52% of the children developed new eye lesions at an age of Ͼ10 years. These data are in contrast with data for European cohorts, where eye prognoses seemed better (45,333). In the French series described by Kieffer et al (190), only 12% of 300 infected infants treated for 1 year developed a first retinochoroidal lesion until the age of 2 years.…”

Section: How To Avoid or Reduce The Burden Of Toxoplasmosis: Preventimentioning

confidence: 79%

Epidemiology of and Diagnostic Strategies for Toxoplasmosis

2012

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SUMMARY The apicomplexan parasite Toxoplasma gondii was discovered a little over 100 years ago, but knowledge of its biological life cycle and its medical importance has grown in the last 40 years. This obligate intracellular parasite was identified early as a pathogen responsible for congenital infection, but its clinical expression and the importance of reactivations of infections in immunocompromised patients were recognized later, in the era of organ transplantation and HIV infection. Recent knowledge of host cell-parasite interactions and of parasite virulence has brought new insights into the comprehension of the pathophysiology of infection. In this review, we focus on epidemiological and diagnostic aspects, putting them in perspective with current knowledge of parasite genotypes. In particular, we provide critical information on diagnostic methods according to the patient's background and discuss the implementation of screening tools for congenital toxoplasmosis according to health policies.

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Section: How To Avoid or Reduce The Burden Of Toxoplasmosis: Preventimentioning

confidence: 79%

Epidemiology of and Diagnostic Strategies for Toxoplasmosis

2012

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“…If one assumes that the frequency of ocular involvement has remained constant with both congenital and post-natally acquired T. gondii infections, then the proportion of patients with ocular disease attributable to post-natally acquired infections is rising. It is also possible that antimicrobial treatment of newborns with congenital T. gondii infection during the first year of life, as advocated by many authorities (McAuley et al 1994, Brezin et al 2003 may actually have lowered the frequency of ocular involvement in this population. Based on such facts, Gilbert and Stanford (2000) have argued that two-thirds of patients with ocular toxoplasmosis in the United Kingdom acquired their T. gondii infections post-natally, based on seroprevalence of T. gondii infection in the general population and rates of congenital disease.…”

Section: Prevalence Of Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Ocular toxoplasmosis: the influence of patient age

Holland

2009

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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“…This knowledge is important because early intervention during pregnancy has been shown to prevent the transmission of the parasite and minimize sequelae 2,7,8,10 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Profile of pregnant women and children treated at a reference center for congenital toxoplasmosis in the northern state of Minas Gerais, Brazil

Soares

Carvalho

Caldeira

2012

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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Introduction:To describe the clinical and epidemiological profile of pregnant women and children treated at a reference outpatient clinic for congenital toxoplasmosis. Methods: Pregnant women potentially exposed to Toxoplasma gondii were observed. Diagnoses were made using serologic tests compatible with acute toxoplasmosis. Children presenting with: Toxoplasma-specific antibodies (IgM or IgA or ascending IgG titers higher than maternal titers in the first 3 months of life) coupled with toxoplasmosis symptoms; intracranial calcifications (by transfontanelar ultrasound or cephalic segment tomography); or retinochoroiditis (by fundoscopy examination) in the first 8 months of life were also included in the study. Results: Fifty-eight mother-child pairs were observed (mean age of the mothers was 22.1 years). Most patients lived in urban areas (86.2%) and had attended less than 8 years of school (51.7%). Diagnosis was made after birth in 19 (32.8%) children. Thirty-four (58.6%) women received some type of treatment during pregnancy. Most (72.4%) of the children did not present with clinical alterations at birth. The main findings were ophthalmological: 20 (34.5%) children with retinochoroiditis, 17 (29.3%) with strabismus, and 7 (12.1%) with nystagmus. Of the children with retinochoroiditis, 9 presented with subnormal vision. Ten (32.3%) out of 31 children presented with intracranial calcifications by cephalic segment congenital toxoplasmosis, and 9 (42.9%) children presented with delayed psychomotor development. Conclusions: Our results highlight a critical situation. Protocols for follow-up of pregnant women and their children must be created to improve medical care and minimize sequelae.

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Ophthalmic outcomes after prenatal and postnatal treatment of congenital toxoplasmosis

Cited by 62 publications

References 13 publications

Epidemiology of and Diagnostic Strategies for Toxoplasmosis

Epidemiology of and Diagnostic Strategies for Toxoplasmosis

Ocular toxoplasmosis: the influence of patient age

Profile of pregnant women and children treated at a reference center for congenital toxoplasmosis in the northern state of Minas Gerais, Brazil

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