Ophthalmic variables in rehabilitated juvenile Kemp's ridley sea turtles (Lepidochelys kempii)

Gornik, Kara R.; Pirie, Christopher G.; Marrion, Ruth M.; Wocial, Julika; Innis, Charles J.

doi:10.2460/javma.248.6.673

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The corneal thickness and the anterior chamber depth of the animals in this study were larger than what was found by Gornik et al [10] for juvenile Kemp's ridley sea turtles (Lepidochelys kempii) using optical coherence tomography. Lower values for these structures were also found in frozen eyes of Chelonia mydas, Dermochelys coriacea and E. imbricata [31].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 77%

“…Several ultrasonographic studies have been performed on sea turtles to evaluate the coelomic cavity [ 25 ], but to the authors’ knowledge, there are no reports on ophthalmic echobiometry in these species. However, the increasing number of sea turtles in conservation centres [ 14 ], and considering studies on ophthalmic diseases in these species [ 10 , 12 – 15 ], there is rising concern among institutions and staff about the conservation of vision in these animals, to promote quality of life and allow for the possibility of reintroduction into a free living environment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The sea turtle's eye is proportionally small relative to its body size in comparison to other vertebrates, and the pupil and lens are small relative to the eye [4]. Other characteristics of these animals' ocular structures are a high sensitivity to corneal touch, strong eyelids, the presence of a well-developed nictitating membrane, scleral ossicles, eyelid scales, retractor bulbi and pyramidalis muscles [4,[9][10][11], which have a protective function. However, ophthalmic diseases such as corneal ulcers, keratitis and fibropapillomas are not uncommon in these animals [10,[12][13][14][15] and can cause loss of visual function, thereby restricting the possibility of their reintroduction to, or survival in their natural habitat [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ocular ultrasonography of sea turtles

et al. 2020

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Background Environmental changes contribute to the development of ophthalmic diseases in sea turtles, but information on their eye biometrics is scarce. The aim of this study was to describe ophthalmic ultrasonographic features of four different sea turtle species; Caretta caretta (Loggerhead turtle; n = 10), Chelonia mydas (Green turtle; n = 8), Eretmochelys imbricata (Hawksbill turtle; n = 8) and Lepidochelys olivacea (Olive ridley; n = 6) under human care. Corneal thickness, scleral ossicle width and thickness, anterior chamber depth, axial length of the lens, vitreous chamber depth and axial globe length were measured by B-mode sonography with a linear transducer. Carapace size and animal weight were recorded. A sonographic description of the eye structures was established. Results The four species presented an ovate eyeball, a relatively thin cornea, and a small-sized lens positioned rostrally in the eye bulb, near the cornea, resulting in a shallow anterior chamber. The scleral ossicles did not prevent the evaluation of intraocular structures, even with a rotated eye or closed eyelids; image formation beyond the ossicles and measurements of all proposed structures were possible. B-mode sonography was easily performed in all animals studied. The sonographic characteristics of the eye were similar among the four species. Since there was a correlation between the size of the eye structures and the size of the individual, especially its carapace size, the differences found between E. imbricata and Caretta caretta are believed to be due to their overall difference in size. Conclusions Sonography is a valuable tool in ophthalmic evaluation of these species. Only minor differences were found between the species in this study, reinforcing their phylogenetic proximity and their similar functions and habitats.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 77%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ocular ultrasonography of sea turtles

et al. 2020

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“…In addition to its established clinical applications in humans, SD‐OCT has been used in veterinary ophthalmology to visualise the cornea and anterior segment of a diverse range of species, including domestic dogs and cats, turtles and horses . The development of rodent‐adapted OCT technology has greatly improved the accessibility and quantitation of anterior segment imaging in small animal models of ocular inflammation, of which mice and rats are the most commonly used species.…”

Section: As‐oct Imaging In Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anterior segment optical coherence tomography: its application in clinical practice and experimental models of disease

Jiao

Hill

Downie

et al. 2019

Clinical and Experimental Optometry

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Optical coherence tomography (OCT) provides non-invasive, high-resolution in vivo imaging of the ocular surface and anterior segment. Over the years, it has become an essential tool for evaluating the anterior segment of the eye to monitor ocular development and ocular pathologies in both the clinical and research fields of ophthalmology and optometry. In this review, the clinical applications relating to the use of anterior segment OCT for imaging and quantifying normal and pathological features of the ocular surface, cornea, anterior chamber, and aqueous outflow system are summarised in a range of human ocular diseases. Applications of anterior segment OCT technology that have improved imaging and quantitation of ocular inflammation in experimental animal models of ocular diseases, such as anterior uveitis, microbial keratitis and glaucoma, are also described. The capacity to longitudinally evaluate anterior segment anatomical changes during development, and inflammation facilitates the understanding of the dynamics of tissue responses, and further enhances the intra-operative in vivo imaging during procedures, such as corneal transplantation and drug delivery. Future developments including in vivo ultrahigh-resolution anterior segment OCT, automated analyses of anterior segment OCT images and functional extensions of the technique, may revolutionise the clinical evaluation of anterior segment, corneal and ocular surface diseases.

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