Opinion of the Scientific Panel on food additives, flavourings, processing aids and materials in contact with food (AFC) related to Calcium, Magnesium and Zinc Malate added for nutritional purposes to food supplements as sources for Calcium, Magnesium and

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doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2006.391a

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 2 publications

(1 reference statement)

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“…According to the applicant, DCM is a salt made of two calcium ions and one malic acid and it is different from calcium malate (CAS 17482-42-7). Calcium malate is included in Annex II of Directive 2002/46/EC on vitamin and mineral substances which may be used in the manufacture of food supplements following a scientific opinion by EFSA (EFSA AFC Panel, 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Panel noted that the applicant proposed a different chemical structure for DCM compared to that provided in the initial dossier. The Panel considered that the scientific evidence submitted by the applicant does not demonstrate the difference between 'dicalcium malate (DCM)', which is subject of the application under evaluation and 'calcium malate' which is already included in the Annex II to Directive 2002/46/EC as one of the mineral substances which may be added to food supplements, following a scientific opinion by (EFSA AFC Panel, 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Calcium malate is included in Annex II of Directive 2002/46/EC on vitamin and mineral substances which may be used in the manufacture of food supplements following a scientific opinion by EFSA AFC Panel (2006). Calcium malate is authorised as a food additive (E 352) in accordance with the Regulation (EU) No 1129/2011 6 amending Annex II to Regulation (EC) No 1333/2008 7 by establishing a Union list of food additives and may be added to foods following the quantum satis principle.…”

Section: Calciummentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 2006, the AFC Panel evaluated calcium malate added to PARNUTS, food supplements and foods intended for the general population (EFSA AFC Panel, 2006). The AFC Panel concluded that the use of malates as sources for calcium is of no safety concern.…”

Section: Calciummentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of di‐calcium malate, used as a novel food ingredient and as a source of calcium in foods for the general population, food supplements, total diet replacement for weight control and food for special medical purposes

Younes¹,

Aggett²,

Aguilar³

et al. 2018

EFS2

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The present scientific opinion deals with the evaluation of the safety of di‐calcium malate (DCM) proposed as a novel food ingredient and as a source of calcium for use in foods for the general population, food supplements, total diet replacement for weight control and food for special medical purposes (FSMP), and with the bioavailability of calcium from this source. The structural formula of the proposed complex is based on expert judgement and not supported by any analytical data. On the basis of the available data, the Panel concluded that there was insufficient scientific evidence of a difference between the proposed novel food ingredient named as di‐calcium malate (DCM) and calcium malate already authorised as a source of calcium included in Annex II to Directive 2002/46/EC. Accordingly, the Panel was unable to assess the safety of DCM as a novel food ingredient. On the basis of the results provided, the Panel considered that DCM does not completely dissociate into calcium and malic acid. The Panel concluded that when DCM dissociates, calcium would be available following ingestion of DCM and the bioavailability would appear similar to values reported for other sources of calcium already permitted. Furthermore, the Panel concluded that on the basis of the information available it was not possible to calculate the exposure to DCM as a source of calcium to foods for the general population, food supplements, total diet replacement for weight control and FSMP.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Calciummentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Calciummentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Evaluation of di‐calcium malate, used as a novel food ingredient and as a source of calcium in foods for the general population, food supplements, total diet replacement for weight control and food for special medical purposes

Younes¹,

Aggett²,

Aguilar³

et al. 2018

EFS2

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The Popular Ergogenic Substances in Sport and Physical Activity

Świtała

2023

Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine

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Few supplements have a scientifically proven ergogenic effects of improving exercise capacity and/or physical performance in sport. The athletes require specialised nutrition, including precisely good quality supplementation, i.e. scientifically tested. Nowadays, more and more athletes use nutritional supplementation to improve their sporting performance both at the elite and non-elite levels. In this review, ergogenic substances such as the β-alanine, caffeine, creatine monohydrate, creatine malate, sodium bicarbonate were analysed among athletes/active people from an exercise and health capacity perspective. The aim of this review is to analyse the efficacy, mechanisms of action, dosage, side effects of the selected ergogenic substances, among athletes involved in physical effort/specific sport disciplines. Furthermore, the article will show the benefits of using these supplements in terms of health as well as improvement of exercise capacity among athletes.

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Safety of the proposed amendment of the specifications for microcrystalline cellulose (E 460(i)) as a food additive

2017

EFS2

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Following a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Food Additives and Nutrient Sources added to Food (ANS) provided a scientific opinion regarding the safety of an amendment of the specifications for the food additive microcrystalline cellulose (E 460(i)). The scope of the current application was to amend the solubility of the food additive to 'practically insoluble or insoluble in sodium hydroxide solution'. Currently, the existing EU specifications describe microcrystalline cellulose as 'slightly soluble in sodium hydroxide'. In support of the request, the applicant carried out solubility tests on four batches of microcrystalline cellulose (E 460(i)). Because the concentration of sodium hydroxide solution to be used for the solubility tests is not indicated in the applicable JECFA testing procedures, the applicant performed the test using a concentration (50 g/L) as specified in the European Pharmacopeia. The tests indicated that the quantity of sodium hydroxide solution required to dissolve 1 g of the sample is more than 10,000 mL. The Panel noted that no analytical measurements of the solubility in a range of concentrations of sodium hydroxide solution were submitted in the application dossier and that, according to published information, the solubility of microcrystalline cellulose depends on the concentration of sodium hydroxide solution. The Panel also noted that in the current EU specifications for microcrystalline cellulose (E 460(i)) the concentration of sodium hydroxide solution to be used for testing solubility is not given. Therefore, the Panel concluded that the amendment to the specifications as regards the solubility of microcrystalline cellulose (E 460(i)) proposed by the applicant would not give rise to a safety concern. However, the Panel recommended that the concentration of sodium hydroxide solution to be used in the solubility test should be indicated in the EU specifications.

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Opinion of the Scientific Panel on food additives, flavourings, processing aids and materials in contact with food (AFC) related to Calcium, Magnesium and Zinc Malate added for nutritional purposes to food supplements as sources for Calcium, Magnesium and

Cited by 5 publications

References 2 publications

Evaluation of di‐calcium malate, used as a novel food ingredient and as a source of calcium in foods for the general population, food supplements, total diet replacement for weight control and food for special medical purposes

Evaluation of di‐calcium malate, used as a novel food ingredient and as a source of calcium in foods for the general population, food supplements, total diet replacement for weight control and food for special medical purposes

The Popular Ergogenic Substances in Sport and Physical Activity

Safety of the proposed amendment of the specifications for microcrystalline cellulose (E 460(i)) as a food additive

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