Opinion on ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC)

Xiao, Chenglong; Gulfam, Raza

doi:10.3389/fenrg.2023.1115695

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…6) Cost of ship design using a deepwater condenser is 66% of cold water pipe design [78] . 7) The annual operating cost is 5% [79] . 8) Energy subsidies for 2023 were $7 trillion USD [80] .…”

Section: Capital Costmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Global warming, a global energy resource

Baird

2024

Therm. Sci. Eng.

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Global warming is a thermodynamics problem. When excess heat is added to the climate system, the land warms more quickly than the oceans due to the land’s reduced heat capacity. The oceans have a greater heat capacity because of its higher specific heat and the heat mixing in the upper layer of the ocean. Thermodynamic Geoengineering (TG) is a global cooling method which deployed at scale would generate 1.6 times the world’s current supply of primary energy and remove carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere. The cooling would mirror the ostensible 2008–2013 global warming hiatus. At scale 31,000 1-gigawatt (GW) ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) plants are estimated to be able to: a) displace about 0.8 watts per square meter (W/m2) of average global surface heat from the surface of the ocean to deep water that could be recycled in 226-year cycles, b) produce 31 terawatts (TW) (relative to 2019 global use of 19.2 TW and c) absorb about 4.3 Gt CO2 per year from the atmosphere by cooling the surface. The estimated cost of these plants is $2.1 trillion per year or 30 years to ramp up to 31,000 plants which are replaced as needed thereafter. Compared for example to the cost of world oil consumption that in 2019 was $2.3 trillion for 11.6 TW. The cost of the energy generated is estimated at $0.008/KWh.

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Section: Capital Costmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The operational life of an OTEC system is estimated to be 30 years [74] . And the annual operating cost is estimated to be 5% of the capital cost [79] . But a minuscule discount rate of 0.1 percent per annum might be justifiable [85] .…”

Section: Operational Cost and Useful Lifetimementioning

confidence: 99%

Global warming, a global energy resource

Baird

2024

Therm. Sci. Eng.

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“…For this application to be viable, there must be a temperature difference of at least 20 K between the two layers of the ocean water (surface/deep layer), which is mostly limited to the tropical regions. OTEC can also be combined with ocean thermal air conditioning [35].…”

Section: Hydroelectric Renewable Energymentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable New Technology for the Improvement of Metallic Materials for Future Energy Applications

Jovičević-Klug,

Rohwerder

2023

Coatings

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The need for a more sustainable and accessible source of energy is increasing as human society advances. The use of different metallic materials and their challenges in current and future energy sectors are the primary focus of the first part of this review. Cryogenic treatment (CT), one of the possible solutions for an environmentally friendly, sustainable, and cost-effective technology for tailoring the properties of these materials, is the focus of second part of the review. CT was found to have great potential for the improvement of the properties of metallic materials and the extension of their service life. The focus of the review is on selected surface properties and corrosion resistance, which are under-researched and have great potential for future research and application of CT in the energy sector. Most research reports that CT improves corrosion resistance by up to 90%. This is based on the unique oxide formation that can provide corrosion protection and extend the life of metallic materials by up to three times. However, more research should be conducted on the surface resistance and corrosion resistance of metallic materials in future studies to provide standards for the application of CT in the energy sector.

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