Opioid Analgesics

Guthrie, Sally K.; Teter, Christian J.

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-27883-4_11

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 128 publications

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“…Conversely, risk associated with sources may change through the aging process, such that those using physician sources may engage in greater risk behavior as they age. A third option is that long-term PO use may lead to neuroadaptations that produce reduced efficacy and tolerance [13] and result in PO-seeking behavior and misuse. Further work should investigate how aging interacts with long-term PO use, PO source selection and risk engagement to clarify these processes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sources of opioid medication for misuse in older adults: results from a nationally representative survey

Schepis

McCabe

Teter

2018

Pain

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Despite increasing rates of prescription opioid (PO) misuse in adults 50 years of age and older, little research has investigated such misuse in this population. This work aimed to examine sources of misused opioid medication in adults 50 years and older, with comparisons to younger groups. Data were from the 2009 to 2014 National Survey on Drug Use and Health surveys. Prevalence rates of PO sources, misuse, and PO use disorder (POUD) symptoms were estimated. Design-based logistic regression investigated age-based differences in these factors and the association of sources with POUD symptoms and other concurrent substance use. Nearly half (47.7%) of adults 65 years and older used physician sources for past 30-day PO misuse, with the second highest rates in those 50 to 64 years old (39.2%). Conversely, use of theft (5.3%), purchases (8.5%), or friends/family (for free; 23.2%) to obtain opioids were least common in adults 65 years and older, with prevalence rates of these sources in those 50 years and older closer to those of younger groups. Across those 50 years and older, use of purchases, physician, or multiple sources were associated with elevated POUD symptom prevalence. Older adults, particularly those 65 years and older, use a different pattern of PO sources than adolescents or younger adults, and those using physician sources have elevated POUD symptoms. Physicians are a key avenue for older adults to obtain opioids for misuse, highlighting the potential role of clinicians in limiting such misuse.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sources of opioid medication for misuse in older adults: results from a nationally representative survey

Schepis

McCabe

Teter

2018

Pain

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“…From a drug absorption standpoint, intranasal administration is often characterized as a rapid route for drug absorption given the nasal mucosa is richly supplied with blood vessels and intranasal administered drugs gain immediate access to systemic circulation ( 42 ). Furthermore, intranasally administered products, as opposed to topically applied products, may bypass the hepatic first-pass effect, thus altering both the concentration and time in which the drug reaches the maximum concentration in the blood ( 43 ). Therefore, moments in which total pain scores and indication of analgesic need were assessed in this study may have been influenced by varying absorption time between administration routes thus pain scores may have been assessed when the drug was not at peak efficacy, resulting in non-significant differences between control and treated pigs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of inguinal buffered lidocaine and intranasal flunixin meglumine on mitigating physiological and behavioral responses to pain in castrated piglets

et al. 2023

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Managing castration pain on US sow farms is hindered by the lack of Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved products for mitigating pain. Previous work assessing flunixin meglumine (FM) efficacy in mitigating castration pain has shown the drug to be effective in pigs, meanwhile, results from previous work evaluating lidocaine efficacy are contradictory. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to determine the efficacy of inguinal buffered lidocaine (BL) and FM in mitigating castration pain in piglets. This study was divided into Part I (physiological response) and Part II (behavioral response). For part I piglets were randomly assigned to the following treatments: T1: (C) Castration plus physiological saline; T2: (S) Sham plus physiological saline; T3: (CL) Castration plus BL; T4: (SL) Sham plus BL; T5: (CF) Castration plus FM; T6: (SF) Sham plus FM; T7: (CLF) Castration plus BL and FM; T8: (SLF) Sham plus BL and FM. Blood was collected 24 h prior to castration, 1 h, and 24 h post castration for cortisol quantification. For Part II another cohort of piglets was enrolled and randomly assign to the following treatments: T1: (C) Castration plus physiological saline and T7: (CLF) Castration plus BL and FM. Behavior scoring was obtained in real-time by observing each piglet for 4-min continuously using Unesp-Botucatu pig acute pain scale (UPAPS) at the following timepoints: 1 h before castration (−1 h), immediately post-castration (0 h), and 3 h post-castration (+3 h). Average cortisol concentrations did not differ at −24 h (P > 0.05) or at 24 h post-castration (P > 0.05) between treatments. At 1 h post-castration, castrated piglets (C and CL) demonstrated greater cortisol concentrations (P < 0.05). Castrated piglets in the CF and CLF group had lower cortisol concentrations compared to C and CL-treated pigs (P < 0.05). For behavioral response, there were no differences between treatments on total UPAPS scores (C and CLF, P > 0.05). Intranasal FM was able to effectively reduce the physiological piglet's response immediately post-castration. Inguinal buffered lidocaine had no effect on the either physiological or behavioral response to pain. Long-term research should focus on refining injection techniques for inguinal BL and consider administration frequency and dosing of intranasal FM to control pain for a longer period post-castration.

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Welche legalen Drogen machen süchtig?

Yesil¹

2021

Drogen Haben Kurze Beine

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Opioid Analgesics

Cited by 3 publications

References 128 publications

Sources of opioid medication for misuse in older adults: results from a nationally representative survey

Sources of opioid medication for misuse in older adults: results from a nationally representative survey

Efficacy of inguinal buffered lidocaine and intranasal flunixin meglumine on mitigating physiological and behavioral responses to pain in castrated piglets

Welche legalen Drogen machen süchtig?

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