“…Patients in the opioid avoidance cohort have lower pain scores in POD 0 (0 [0–1] versus 3 [1–4]; P < 0.001) and POD 1 (0 [0–2] versus 3 [0–4]; P < 0.001), However, for the five historical and two opioid avoidance patients still hospitalized by POD 12, the PRPS were significantly higher in the opioid avoidance cohort (5 [0–6] vs 0 [0–0]; P = 0.004). In the study of Lee et al., 12 Category A patients reported lower pain scores on day 1 (3 [1–5] vs. 6 [3–8], P < 0.01) and day 4 (2 [1–5] vs. 6 [4–7], P < 0.01) after discharge. The pooled summary estimate was 1.2 versus 2.65 in control group, with 54.7% decrease.…”