Opioid-receptor antagonism increases pain and decreases pleasure in obese and non-obese individuals

Price, Rebecca Christine; Christou, Nicolas V.; Backman, Steven B.; Stone, Laura S.; Schweinhardt, Petra

doi:10.1007/s00213-016-4417-4

Cited by 13 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…The μ-opioid system modulates both reward and pain across species. For instance, stimulating μ-opioid receptor (MOR) with non-sedative doses of opioid drugs leads to an increased preference for sweet and fatty foods in both rats and humans, while opioid antagonists blunt the effect of these foods as positive reinforcers (Fantino et al, 1986; Yeomans and Gray, 1996, 1997; Ziauddeen et al, 2012; Eikemo et al, 2016; Price et al, 2016). The same pattern of MOR effects have been observed in healthy humans in response to monetary (Weber et al, 2016; Eikemo et al, 2017) and social rewards (Chelnokova et al, 2014; Chelnokova et al, 2016; Buchel et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of opioid receptor stimulation and blockade on touch pleasantness: a double-blind randomised trial

Løseth

Eikemo

Leknes

2019

Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience

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The μ-opioid receptor (MOR) system has long been thought to underpin the rewarding properties of pleasant touch. Numerous non-human animal studies implicate MORs in social behaviours involving touch, but little is currently known about MOR involvement in human touch reward. Here, we employed a bi-directional pharmacological double-blind crossover design to assess the role of the human MOR system for touch pleasantness and motivation. Forty-nine male volunteers received 10 mg per-oral morphine, 50 mg per-oral naltrexone and placebo before being brushed on their forearm at three different velocities (0.3, 3 and 30 cm/s). In a touch liking task, pleasantness ratings were recorded after each 15 s brushing trial. In a touch wanting task, participants actively manipulated trial duration through key presses. As expected, 3 cm/s was the preferred velocity, producing significantly higher pleasantness ratings and wanting scores than the other stimuli. Contrary to our hypothesis, MOR drug manipulations did not significantly affect either touch pleasantness or wanting. The null effects were supported by post hoc Bayesian analyses indicating that the models with no drug effect were more than 25 times more likely than the alternative models given the data. We conclude that μ-opioid signalling is unlikely to underpin non-affiliative touch reward in humans.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of opioid receptor stimulation and blockade on touch pleasantness: a double-blind randomised trial

Løseth

Eikemo

Leknes

2019

Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience

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“…Thus, initial evidence of opioid modulation of pleasantness and fMRI responses to rewarded decisions in humans is modest but consistent with the evidence that opioids promote the pleasantness of rewards received outside of a decision context (Chelnokova et al, 2014, 2016; Drewnowski et al, 1992; Eikemo et al, 2016; Murray et al, 2014; Price et al, 2016; Yeomans, 1995; Yeomans & Gray, 2002). Whether opioid agonist drugs increase the liking of choice outcomes in humans remains to be seen.…”

Section: Review Of Studies On Decision-makingmentioning

confidence: 57%

“…A recent review of positron emission tomography (PET) studies with opioid receptor-specific tracers posit a central role of the opioid system for positive affective states (Nummenmaa & Tuominen, 2017). Drug studies in both human and nonhuman animals show that blocking opioids reduces food pleasantness and consumption, especially for high-calorie foods (Drewnowski, Krahn, Demitrack, Nairn, & Gosnell, 1992; Eikemo et al, 2016; Price, Christou, Backman, Stone, & Schweinhardt, 2016; Yeomans, 1995; Yeomans & Gray, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of the opioid system in decision making and cognitive control: A review

Steenbergen

Eikemo

Leknes

2019

Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci

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The opioid system regulates affective processing, including pain, pleasure, and reward. Restricting the role of this system to hedonic modulation may be an underestimation, however. Opioid receptors are distributed widely in the human brain, including the more Bcognitive^regions in the frontal and parietal lobes. Nonhuman animal research points to opioid modulation of cognitive and decision-making processes. We review emerging evidence on whether acute opioid drug modulation in healthy humans can influence cognitive function, such as how we choose between actions of different values and how we control our behavior in the face of distracting information. Specifically, we review studies employing opioid agonists or antagonists together with experimental paradigms of reward-based decision making, impulsivity, executive functioning, attention, inhibition, and effort. Although this field is still in its infancy, the emerging picture suggests that the mu-opioid system can influence higher-level cognitive function via modulation of valuation, motivation, and control circuits dense in mu-opioid receptors, including orbitofrontal cortex, basal ganglia, amygdalae, anterior cingulate cortex, and prefrontal cortex. The framework that we put forward proposes that opioids influence decision making and cognitive control by increasing the subjective value of reward and reducing aversive arousal. We highlight potential mechanisms that might underlie the effects of mu-opioid signaling on decision making and cognitive control and provide directions for future research.

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“…However, another author demonstrated that naltrexone as an opioid-receptor antagonist influences pain tolerance. Also, he showed that naltrexone-induced changes in pain were correlated with depression scores [39].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Safety and efficacy of naltrexone for weight loss in adult patients – a systematic review

2021

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This is a report of a systematic review of the safety and efficacy of naltrexone or naltrexone/bupropion on weight loss. The databases Medline, PubMed, and Embase as well as the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register for randomized controlled trials were searched for studies published from January 1966 to January 2018. A meta-analysis, randomised controlled trials, controlled trials, uncontrolled trials, cohort studies and open-label studies were analysed. Of 191 articles, 14 fulfilled the inclusion criteria: 1 meta-analysis, 10 randomized controlled trials, and 3 studies without randomization were found. In these studies, the efficacy and safety of naltrexone/bupropion in obesity were analysed. In the majority of these studies, patients with at least 5% or 10% weight loss, as a primary outcome, were investigated. Generally, naltrexone/bupropion treatment can be a promising therapy for obese patients, including when combined with mental health treatment. Based on these studies, it can be said that naltrexone/bupropion treatment is effective in the weight loss of overweight subjects. The naltrexone/bupropion treatment was well tolerated by the patients, and side effects were rarely reported.

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Opioid-receptor antagonism increases pain and decreases pleasure in obese and non-obese individuals

Cited by 13 publications

References 67 publications

Effects of opioid receptor stimulation and blockade on touch pleasantness: a double-blind randomised trial

Effects of opioid receptor stimulation and blockade on touch pleasantness: a double-blind randomised trial

The role of the opioid system in decision making and cognitive control: A review

Safety and efficacy of naltrexone for weight loss in adult patients – a systematic review

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