2009
DOI: 10.1007/s00424-009-0645-3
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Opioids prolong and anoxia shortens delay between onset of preinspiratory (pFRG) and inspiratory (preBötC) network bursting in newborn rat brainstems

Abstract: Differential responses to opioids established the hypothesis that pre/postinspiratory (Pre-I) neurons of the parafacial respiratory group (pFRG) and inspiratory (Insp) neurons of the pre-Bötzinger complex (preBötC) constitute a dual brainstem respiratory center. For further analysis of pFRG/preBötC interactions, we studied in newborn rat brainstem-spinal cord preparations opioid and anoxia effects on histologically identified pFRG-driven "type-I" Insp preBötC neurons and Pre-I neurons from three distinct respi… Show more

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Cited by 52 publications
(28 citation statements)
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“…This entrainment occurred over a limited range of breathing frequencies, possibly because only a small fraction ( ~14%) of the RTN neurons expressed ChR2. Phox2b-neuron stimulation produced quantal breathing only in anesthetized rats maintained slightly below apneic threshold consistent with the fact that this pattern is typically observed when the respiratory network is in a low excitability state (Mellen et al, 2003; Ballanyi et al, 2009). During low frequency stimulation, the greatest phase advance occurred when Phox2b neurons are stimulated during early- and mid-expiration, probably because these neurons can most productively activate pre-I/I “rhythmogenic” and early-I inhibitory neurons during this time window, thereby initiating a premature inspiration (Rubin et al, 2009).…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 77%
“…This entrainment occurred over a limited range of breathing frequencies, possibly because only a small fraction ( ~14%) of the RTN neurons expressed ChR2. Phox2b-neuron stimulation produced quantal breathing only in anesthetized rats maintained slightly below apneic threshold consistent with the fact that this pattern is typically observed when the respiratory network is in a low excitability state (Mellen et al, 2003; Ballanyi et al, 2009). During low frequency stimulation, the greatest phase advance occurred when Phox2b neurons are stimulated during early- and mid-expiration, probably because these neurons can most productively activate pre-I/I “rhythmogenic” and early-I inhibitory neurons during this time window, thereby initiating a premature inspiration (Rubin et al, 2009).…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 77%
“…The group data from 14 experiments were: C4 burst rate 5.9 ± 1.5/min, pre-inspiratory phase duration 897 ± 590 ms, inspiratory phase 917 ± 101 ms, and the post-inspiratory phase duration 3593 ± 825 ms. This post-inspiratory phase duration was comparable to that of previous electrophysiological measurements [10]. In the present measurements, we could not clearly focus on individual stained cells because the dye injection method used here was effective in labeling cells located in regions slightly deeper than the cut surface (approximately 50 lm depth), but not for cells in the rostral cut surface plane due to insertion of dye-containing glass micropipettes into the tissue.…”
Section: Continuous Recordingssupporting
confidence: 73%
“…1). This cut was equivalent to a position approximately 0.5 mm rostral to the caudal end of the facial nucleus that corresponded to a level of the Xth cranial nerve root [7,10]. During the experiments, each preparation was placed in a 2-ml recording chamber and was superperfused continuously at the flow rate of 2.5-3 ml/min with the modified Krebs solution at a temperature of 25-26°C.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Thus, this region is also referred to as the pFRG/RTN. The caudal portion of the pFRG overlaps the most rostral portion of the ventral respiratory group (the Bötzinger complex), which is the ventral part of the retrofacial nucleus near the caudal end of the facial nucleus [4] and is thought to play an important role in the respiratory rhythm generation, particularly of the adult in vivo preparation [5, 6]. This caudal portion of the pFRG corresponds to so-called rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVL) [79], where most Pre-I, inspiratory, and expiratory neurons have been recorded in previous electrophysiological studies.…”
Section: Section 1: Identification Of the Pfrg In The Respiratory Rhymentioning
confidence: 99%