2017
DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s133292
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Opisthorchiasis and cholangiocarcinoma in Southeast Asia: an unresolved problem

Abstract: The prevalence of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) in Southeast Asia is much higher than other areas of the world. Eating raw, fermented, or undercooked cyprinid fish, infected with the liver fluke, Opisthorchis viverrini sensu lato (sl), results in chronic biliary inflammation, periductal fibrosis, and increased cancer risk. There may be associated glomerulonephritis. The process of infection is difficult to disrupt because eating practices have proven extremely difficult to change, and the life cycle of the fluke ca… Show more

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Cited by 52 publications
(39 citation statements)
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“…Despite MDA programs, liver and blood fluke infections still remain a major public health concern, and prevalence is increasing in some regions [60]. In addition, multiple reinfection is common, and the infections tend to be chronic [61].…”
Section: Chemotherapy Against Schistosomiasis and Opisthorchiasismentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…Despite MDA programs, liver and blood fluke infections still remain a major public health concern, and prevalence is increasing in some regions [60]. In addition, multiple reinfection is common, and the infections tend to be chronic [61].…”
Section: Chemotherapy Against Schistosomiasis and Opisthorchiasismentioning
confidence: 99%
“…newly excysted metacercariae (NEM) [63,66]. Although administration of PZQ might clear infection, PZQ alone cannot prevent or ameliorate infection-induced inflammation and fibrosis, and thus the risk factor for the infection-associated cancer remains following infection [61]. Moreover, administration of PZQ does not prevent the continuous reinfection [61].…”
Section: Chemotherapy Against Schistosomiasis and Opisthorchiasismentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…Despite being targeted at the clinical level, CASCAP also seeks to address research needs (particularly regarding diagnostics and treatment), to address the socioeconomic aspects of CCA at the community level with the intention of developing policies to address the impact, and to review the efficacy of current control and prevention programs, including education, in order to develop measures for control of O. viverrini infections and CCA. Hughes et al (2017) note that longerterm public education schemes, such as that organized by CASCAP, should be commenced and enlarged such that communities are provided with education about the dangers associated with raw, partially cooked, or fermented fish. The hope is that, over time, attitudes toward consumption of raw fish will modify, even in communities where it is an important part of the local culture.…”
Section: Current and New Efforts Toward Research And Controlmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Cholangiocarcinoma is the bile duct malignancy, which the highest incidence has been reported in the population living in the North-Eastern region of Thailand (Kirstein andVogel, 2016, Xia et al, 2015). The major risk factors are ingestion of Opisthorchis viverrini metacercaria contaminated raw cyprinoid fish, family history of cancer, and liquor consumption (Hughes et al, 2017;Kamsa-ard et al, 2018). Most cholangiocarcinoma cases are diagnosed when the disease progresses to late stage and must receive treatment by chemotherapeutic drugs.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%