Opportunistic Fusion of Ranges From Different Sources for Indoor Positioning

WiFi FTM, UWB and Cellular-Based Radio Fusion for Indoor Positioning

“…In trilateration the ranging information usually comes from a single technology. However, in [10], a scheme for fusing ranges from different technologies is presented. The use of multi-technology fusion in trilateration improves low-precision accuracy provided by technologies (in this work, LTE) by using the ranges of precise technologies, such as UWB or WiFi FTM.…”

“…This problem increases when the final accuracy should be reduced to the sub-meter accuracy. In [10], WLS was used to compute the location with trilateration, but to avoid the problem of outliers, the ranges were weighted according to their precision. A higher weight was assigned to UWB (which is more precise) than LTE.…”

“…In this work, we propose a method for opportunistically aggregating ranges obtained from different technologies. This fusion technique helps to reduce the cost of deployment because the end-user benefits from any nearby ranging reference point (RP) for localisation [10]. In addition, this technique also helps dealing with coverage holes of certain deployments, that is, areas where there are less than three visible reference points of one technology.…”

“…• Proposition of a fusion method in trilateration based on the work presented in [10], with a dynamic weighting with MLE that improves the robustness of location accuracy; • Validation of the proposed method with a real-world setup with several different scenarios; • Comparison between different MLE search methods for finding the best for resolving over-determined location problems.…”

“…Nevertheless, the existing and deployed LTE networks can be used as a back-up for other location technologies [10]. Despite of the coarse ranging information that LTE provides, LTE network is globally available in contrast with 5G that has not been yet fully deployed.…”