Opportunistic Infections of Avians

Chege, Stephen M.

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-28170-4_9

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 138 publications

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“…However, they become pathogenic when the chicken immune system is weakened and unable to fight infection. A compromised immune system provides an opportunity for pathogens (bacteria, viruses, fungi, or protozoa) to infect the individual [40]. Common opportunistic pathogens include Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Enterococcus, Ruminococcaceae, Alistipes, and Escherichia-Shigella [41].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbiome Changes in Layer Pullets Reared in Floor Pens along the Growth Period

Kim,

Yun

et al. 2023

Life

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The gastrointestinal tract microbiome is essential for regulating nutrient absorption, gut immune function, and host growth and development. In the present study, we characterized the development of ileum and cecum microbiota in pullets throughout the rearing period, encompassing a period from the day of hatching to 18 weeks of age. The growth performance and intestinal microbiome (ileum and cecum) of pullets were analyzed at 1, 5, 11, and 18 weeks of age. The richness of the ileum and cecum bacterial communities (alpha diversity) was higher in pullets at 18 weeks of age than in those at 1 and 5 weeks of age. Microbiota from weeks 1, 5, 11, and 18 were distinctly grouped in a NMDS plot, representing beta diversity within the ileum. However, the results for cecum microbiota did not reveal evident separation among the different age groups in the weighted UniFrac. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate variations and diversification in ileum and cecum microbiota across different rearing stages in pullets. These insights have the potential to inform the development of nutritional strategies that promote gut health and contribute to the improved development of pullets.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbiome Changes in Layer Pullets Reared in Floor Pens along the Growth Period

Kim,

Yun

et al. 2023

Life

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Oral disease is linked to low nestling condition and brood size in a raptor species living in a highly modified environment

et al. 2022

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Anthropogenic stressors can favor the occurrence of non-infectious disease that can be worsened by the impact of opportunistic pathogens, making the epizootiology of environmental diseases difficult to unravel. The incidence and impact of oral lesions in nestlings of a facultative scavenger species, the black kite Milvus migrans, were examined over seven breeding seasons in the highly degraded environment close to Madrid, Spain. We found an overall prevalence of 31% of nestlings with oral lesions, with no clear spatial pattern in nests with affected and unaffected individuals. The occurrence and number of oral lesions was negatively associated with nestling body condition and brood size. Broods where all siblings had oral lesions were smaller than those where some or all siblings were apparently healthy, suggesting that oral disease could be causing nestling mortality and, consequently, brood size reduction. In turn, nestling body condition was negatively affected by lesion occurrence, brood size and laying date. Although these relationship were bidirectional, piecewise structural equation modeling analyses showed a greater negative effect of body condition on lesion occurrence than vice versa, indicating that nestlings in poorer body condition were more likely to develop oral lesions (which could contribute to aggravate their state of deterioration) than those in better condition. Nestlings from small broods were also more likely to have oral disease (directly or indirectly through their lower body condition) than nestlings from large broods. Nestlings that hatched last in the broods showed greater development stress than those that hatched first. Anthropogenic stressors could trigger poor body condition, and contribute to microbiota dysbiosis-related diseases. Although further research is needed to determine the consequences for the long-term fitness of individuals, actions should be taken to mitigate adverse conditions that may favor the appearance of environmental diseases associated with peri-urban areas, given their rapid expansion over natural areas.

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DETECTION AND PREVALENCE OF SPHENISCID ALPHA-HERPESVIRUS-1 (SpAHV-1) IN A SAMPLE OF HUMBOLDT PENGUINS (SPHENISCUS HUMBOLDTI) AT PUNTA SAN JUAN, PERU

Angles¹,

Adkesson²,

Cárdenas‐Alayza³

et al. 2023

Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine

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Opportunistic Infections of Avians

Cited by 3 publications

References 138 publications

Microbiome Changes in Layer Pullets Reared in Floor Pens along the Growth Period

Microbiome Changes in Layer Pullets Reared in Floor Pens along the Growth Period

Oral disease is linked to low nestling condition and brood size in a raptor species living in a highly modified environment

DETECTION AND PREVALENCE OF SPHENISCID ALPHA-HERPESVIRUS-1 (SpAHV-1) IN A SAMPLE OF HUMBOLDT PENGUINS (SPHENISCUS HUMBOLDTI) AT PUNTA SAN JUAN, PERU

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