Opportunities and challenges for sustainable production and marketing of gums and resins in Ethiopia

Lemenih, Mulugeta; Kassa, Habtemariam

doi:10.17528/cifor/003478

Cited by 13 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Acacia-Commiphora woodland is dominant through most of the Ogaden region, grading into desert and semidesert scrubland at lower elevations in the south of the region [48]. Species of Vachellia spp., Senegalia spp., Commiphora spp., Boswellia spp., Balanites aegyptiaca, and Maytenus senegalensis are common [49].…”

Section: Study Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the Potential of Boswellia rivae to Provide Sustainable Livelihood Benefits in Eastern Ethiopia

DeCarlo

Johnson²,

Abdikadir³

et al. 2023

Plants

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Frankincense is an oleo-gum-resin collected from wild Boswellia spp. trees, and widely used in perfumery, cosmetics, aromatherapy, incense, and other industries. Boswellia rivae, growing in Ethiopia, Somalia, and Kenya, is one source of frankincense, but is little-commercialized compared to species such as B. sacra, B. frereana, and B. papyrifera. In this study, we examine the resin essential oil chemistry and harvesting systems of B. rivae in order to evaluate its potential for increased trade and potential positive livelihood benefits. Boswellia rivae produces an essential oil rich in α-thujene (0.1–12.4%), α-pinene (5.5–56.4%), β-pinene (0.3–13.0%), δ-3-carene (0.1–31.5%), p-cymene (1.4–31.2%), limonene (1.8–37.3%), β-phellandrene (tr-5.6%), trans-pinocarveol (0.1–5.0%), trans-verbenol (0.1–11.2%), and trans-β-elemene (0–5.7%), similar to major commercial species, although it is difficult to detect mixing of B. rivae and Commiphora africana resins from chemistry alone. The B. rivae trees are not actively tapped, so resin collection has a neutral impact on the health of the trees, and resin production is unaffected by drought. Consequently, collecting resins acts as a key income supplementing livestock herding, as well as a safety net protecting pastoral communities from the severe negative effects of climate change-exacerbated drought on livestock. Therefore, Boswellia rivae is well positioned chemically, ecologically, and socially to support expanded trade.

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Section: Study Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the Potential of Boswellia rivae to Provide Sustainable Livelihood Benefits in Eastern Ethiopia

DeCarlo

Johnson²,

Abdikadir³

et al. 2023

Plants

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“…Tis is because nearly all dryland settings are home to species that contribute signifcantly to the land mass through the production of gum and resin [6]. Current estimates of the area of well-stocked dry forests and woodlands for the production of gum and gum resins in Ethiopia vary from 28,550 km 2 to 43,350 km 2 [7]. Potential producers of commercial gum and gum resins include species like Acacia and Commiphora.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Potential producers of commercial gum and gum resins include species like Acacia and Commiphora. In particular, Myrrha and Opopanax were derived from the Commiphora species, frankincense from several Boswellia species, and gum arabic from Acacia species ( [3,7]).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Forest harvesting is a traditional source of income and sustenance for rural families [12]. Gums and resins support local lives by providing both fnancial fow from selling goods to customers and subsistence value [7]. Plant resins are regarded for their use in the creation of adhesives, varnishes, and food glazing agents as well as their worth as raw material for the production of other chemical compounds and as scent-and incense-related substances.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Plant resin was utilized for the frst time in Southern Africa during the late Middle Stone Age as an adhesive for hafting stone tools [13]. Te abundance of tree species in Ethiopia's dry forests, which provide the gums and resins that are the most valuable export products from the country's forestry industry, is a signifcant characteristic of those areas [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gum and Resin Production and Marketing: Implications for Pastoral Livelihood in Adadle District, Somali Region, Ethiopia

Yussuf

Lelamo

Abdi

2023

International Journal of Forestry Research

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Both locally and nationally, Ethiopia’s gum resin sector has a substantial economic impact. Even though collecting and selling gum and resin is one of the main livelihood activities in Ethiopia’s remote pastoral areas, there are few case studies that adequately reflect national realities. Therefore, the goal of this study is to pinpoint and evaluate gum and resin production and sale, as well as any implications for pastoral livelihood, in the Adadle district of the Somali Region. Both purposive and random sampling techniques were employed. The primary data gathering technique used were household surveys, key informant interviews, focus groups, market surveys, direct observation, and surveys of community-based organizations. Multiple response tests, one-way ANOVA, and descriptive statistics were used in SPSS Version 26 to statistically analyze the collected data. The study discovered many Acacia, Boswellia, and Commiphora tree species that are employed in the production of gum and resin. It was also found that natural oozing and artificial tapping were the methods used for collecting and harvesting gum and resin. The average amount of gum and resin/frankincense harvested annually by each family was 219.82 kg and 58.27 kg, respectively, with gum harvesting being substantially higher ( p 0.05 ) than resin harvesting. The recurrent drought, season, and awareness level of harvesters on taping were the factors affecting the quantity and quality of production. The average annual household income from gum and resin/frankincense was 18,684 Ethiopian Birr and 43,704 Ethiopian Birr, respectively. The mean annual income from resin was substantially larger ( p 0.05 ) than that of gum. The gum and resin market chain in the area comprises eight actors with five market channels. The research also demonstrates that the income made by selling gum and resin was used to pay for basic necessities for the family, save money for health care and medications, and pay for social concerns and educational expenses. Recurrent drought, lack of market access and market expertise, lack of institutional cooperatives, and lack of infrastructure and facilities were all determined to be obstacles to the production and sale of gum and resin. Generally, resources should be conserved and interventions should be done to ensure the sustainability of the resource base and improve production potential. Proper tapping techniques should be introduced to enhance production potential, and access to market information should be ensured to maximize primary producers’ income share insured for maximizing the income share of primary producers.

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International Research Journal of Agriculture and Soil Science

2015

Int. Res. J. Agric. Sci. Soil Sci.

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Woodlands in Ethiopia are under heavy pressure and shrinking overtime. Despite the woodland's economic and ecological importance's, little attention has been given to monitor the condition of the resources through time. The aim of this study is to assess the status of western dry woodlands of Ethiopia by analyzing land use and land cover (LULC) dynamics and recommend their future sustainable management and development in view of their multi-functions, climate change mitigation potentials as well as local livelihood improvement. Remote sensing (RS) and Geographic Positioning System (GIS) were used to assess the LULC dynamics in three regional states (Amhara, Tigray, and Benshangul-Gumz). Three study sites: Metema, Kafta-Humera and Sherkole were selected, respectively. In all study sites the classes of agricultural land and bare land have expanded at an average rate of 2322.9 and 726.6 ha/year, respectively. On the other hand, the woodland cover in the three districts was decreasing at an average rate of 2833.8 ha/year in the past 25 years (1985-2010). The woodland cover was transformed mainly to agriculture at an average rate of 2057.9 ha/year.

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Opportunities and challenges for sustainable production and marketing of gums and resins in Ethiopia

Cited by 13 publications

References 34 publications

Evaluating the Potential of Boswellia rivae to Provide Sustainable Livelihood Benefits in Eastern Ethiopia

Evaluating the Potential of Boswellia rivae to Provide Sustainable Livelihood Benefits in Eastern Ethiopia

Gum and Resin Production and Marketing: Implications for Pastoral Livelihood in Adadle District, Somali Region, Ethiopia

International Research Journal of Agriculture and Soil Science

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