Opportunities and challenges for thermally driven hydrogen production using reverse electrodialysis system

Raka, Yash Dharmendra; Karoliussen, Håvard; Lien, Kristian M.; Burheim, Odne Stokke

doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2019.05.126

Cited by 34 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…To assess the significance of the measurement results and the resistance of the IEMs, a thermodynamic model for a thermally driven AmB RED based on a closed loop regenerative system developed by Raka et al was used [ 26 ]. For details on the thermodynamic model, we refer to the work in [ 26 ]. The performance was evaluated in terms of hydrogen produced and waste heat required for restoring the concentrations.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Concentration and Temperature on the Membrane Resistance of Ion Exchange Membranes and the Levelised Cost of Hydrogen from Reverse Electrodialysis with Ammonium Bicarbonate

et al. 2021

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The ohmic resistances of the anion and cation ion-exchange membranes (IEMs) that constitute a reverse electrodialysis system (RED) are of crucial importance for its performance. In this work, we study the influence of concentration (0.1 M, 0.5 M, 1 M and 2 M) of ammonium bicarbonate solutions on the ohmic resistances of ten commercial IEMs. We also studied the ohmic resistance at elevated temperature 313 K. Measurements have been performed with a direct two-electrode electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) method. As the ohmic resistance of the IEMs depends linearly on the membrane thickness, we measured the impedance for three different layered thicknesses, and the results were normalised. To gauge the role of the membrane resistances in the use of RED for production of hydrogen by use of waste heat, we used a thermodynamic and an economic model to study the impact of the ohmic resistance of the IEMs on hydrogen production rate, waste heat required, thermochemical conversion efficiency and the levelised cost of hydrogen. The highest performance was achieved with a stack made of FAS30 and CSO Type IEMs, producing hydrogen at 8.48· 10−7 kg mmem−2s−1 with a waste heat requirement of 344 kWh kg−1 hydrogen. This yielded an operating efficiency of 9.7% and a levelised cost of 7.80 € kgH2−1.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Concentration and Temperature on the Membrane Resistance of Ion Exchange Membranes and the Levelised Cost of Hydrogen from Reverse Electrodialysis with Ammonium Bicarbonate

et al. 2021

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“…A Nafion 117 membrane is a popular IEM and costs approximately 1.2 $ cm −2 [49] (12,000 $ m −2 ), while the membranes from Fumatech cost approximately 0.05 $ cm −2 (500 $ m −2 ) at lab scale. However, Raka et al [6] have estimated a drop in the price of IEMs given increased production rate. For simplicity and an initial estimate, only the cost of the membranes is included in our analysis.…”

Section: Energy Price and Membrane Costmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The system is discharged by mixing the two solutions, converting the chemical potential to electricity and decreasing the concentration difference. The very same system can also be charged using waste-heat and has hydrogen as output [5,6]. An illustration of a general energy storage system with solutions of different concentrations is given in Figure 1.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrodialytic Energy Storage System: Permselectivity, Stack Measurements and Life-Cycle Analysis

et al. 2020

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Reverse electrodialysis and electrodialysis can be combined into a closed energy storage system, allowing for storing surplus energy through a salinity difference between two solutions. A closed system benefits from simple temperature control, the ability to use higher salt concentrations and mitigation of membrane fouling. In this work, the permselectivity of two membranes from Fumatech, FAS-50 and FKS-50, is found to be ranging from 0.7 to 0.5 and from 0.8 to 0.7 respectively. The maximum unit cell open-circuit voltage was measured to be 115 ± 9 mV and 118 ± 8 mV at 25 • C and 40 • C, respectively, and the power density was found to be 1.5 ± 0.2 W m -2 uc at 25 • C and 2.0 ± 0.3 W m -2 uc at 40 • C. Given a lifetime of 10 years, three hours of operation per day and 3% downtime, the membrane price can be 2.5 ± 0.3 $ m −2 and 1.4 ± 0.2 $ m −2 to match the energy price in the EU and the USA, respectively. A life-cycle analysis was conducted for a storage capacity of 1 GWh and 2 h of discharging. The global warming impact is 4.53·10 5 kg CO 2 equivalents/MWh and the cumulative energy demand is 1.61·10 3 MWh/MWh, which are 30% and 2 times higher than a lithium-ion battery pack with equivalent capacity, respectively. An electrodialytic energy storage system reaches a comparable global warming impact and a lower cumulative energy demand than a lithium-ion battery for an average life span of 20 and 3 years, respectively.

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“…To achieve this, the technologies used must be changed from those depending on the burning of fossil fuels into electricity and heat, towards technologies which provide electricity and store it in the form of chemical energy. Striving for renewable energy generation, energy storage systems, and renewable hydrogen production, reverse electrodialysis is one of the few technologies that could address all three of these needs [ 1 , 2 , 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Salinity gradient energy (SGE)—particularly RED, which harvests energy produced by mixing two aqueous solutions with different salinities,—has received great interest in the literature [ 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 ] since its first use, which was reported by Pattle in 1954 [ 12 ]. Concentration batteries have also been recently proposed and discussed, which couple salinity gradient energy (SGE) technologies for energy generation to their corresponding desalination technologies [ 2 , 4 , 13 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computational Fluid Dynamics Modeling of the Resistivity and Power Density in Reverse Electrodialysis: A Parametric Study

2020

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Electrodialysis (ED) and reverse electrodialysis (RED) are enabling technologies which can facilitate renewable energy generation, dynamic energy storage, and hydrogen production from low-grade waste heat. This paper presents a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) study for maximizing the net produced power density of RED by coupling the Navier–Stokes and Nernst–Planck equations, using the OpenFOAM software. The relative influences of several parameters, such as flow velocities, membrane topology (i.e., flat or spacer-filled channels with different surface corrugation geometries), and temperature, on the resistivity, electrical potential, and power density are addressed by applying a factorial design and a parametric study. The results demonstrate that temperature is the most influential parameter on the net produced power density, resulting in a 43% increase in the net peak power density compared to the base case, for cylindrical corrugated channels.

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Opportunities and challenges for thermally driven hydrogen production using reverse electrodialysis system

Cited by 34 publications

References 24 publications

The Influence of Concentration and Temperature on the Membrane Resistance of Ion Exchange Membranes and the Levelised Cost of Hydrogen from Reverse Electrodialysis with Ammonium Bicarbonate

The Influence of Concentration and Temperature on the Membrane Resistance of Ion Exchange Membranes and the Levelised Cost of Hydrogen from Reverse Electrodialysis with Ammonium Bicarbonate

Electrodialytic Energy Storage System: Permselectivity, Stack Measurements and Life-Cycle Analysis

Computational Fluid Dynamics Modeling of the Resistivity and Power Density in Reverse Electrodialysis: A Parametric Study

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