Opportunities and challenges in <scp>RCS</scp> measurement of 9‐mm bullet model with <scp>77 GHz</scp> mmwave <scp>COTS</scp> radar systems

Ahmed, Badar‐ud‐din; Kara, Ali; Zencir, Ertan; Benzaghta, Mohamed

doi:10.1002/mop.32521

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 9 publications

(12 reference statements)

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“…Year Application [11] 2010 Autonomous robot navigation [12] 2017 Fluid level sensing [13] 2018 Material classification [14] 2018 Blood glucose level detection [15] 2018 Traffic monitoring [16] 2020 RCS analysis of 9 mm bullet [17] 2021 UAS detection and localization [18] 2022 Vital sign measuring [19] 2022 Blood pressure monitoring [20] 2023 Indoor positioning system…”

Section: Referencementioning

confidence: 99%

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Towards mmWave Altimetry for UAS: Exploring the Potential of 77 GHz Automotive Radars

Awan,

Dalveren,

Kara

et al. 2024

Drones

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Precise altitude data are indispensable for flight navigation, particularly during the autonomous landing of unmanned aerial systems (UASs). Conventional light and barometric sensors employed for altitude estimation are limited by poor visibility and temperature conditions, respectively, whilst global positioning system (GPS) receivers provide the altitude from the mean sea level (MSL) marred with a slow update rate. To cater to the landing safety requirements, UASs necessitate precise altitude information above ground level (AGL) impervious to environmental conditions. Radar altimeters, a mainstay in commercial aviation for at least half a century, realize these requirements through minimum operational performance standards (MOPSs). More recently, the proliferation of 5G technology and interference with the universally allocated band for radar altimeters from 4.2 to 4.4 GHz underscores the necessity to explore novel avenues. Notably, there is no dedicated MOPS tailored for radar altimeters of UASs. To gauge the performance of a radar altimeter offering for UASs, existing MOPSs are the de facto choice. Historically, frequency-modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radars have been extensively used in a broad spectrum of ranging applications including radar altimeters. Modern monolithic millimeter wave (mmWave) automotive radars, albeit designed for automotive applications, also employ FMCW for precise ranging with a cost-effective and compact footprint. Given the technology maturation with excellent size, weight, and power (SWaP) metrics, there is a growing trend in industry and academia to explore their efficacy beyond the realm of the automotive industry. To this end, their feasibility for UAS altimetry remains largely untapped. While the literature on theoretical discourse is prevalent, a specific focus on mmWave radar altimetry is lacking. Moreover, clutter estimation with hardware specifications of a pure look-down mmWave radar is unreported. This article argues the applicability of MOPSs for commercial aviation for adaptation to a UAS use case. The theme of the work is a tutorial based on a simplified mathematical and theoretical discussion on the understanding of performance metrics and inherent intricacies. A systems engineering approach for deriving waveform specifications from operational requirements of a UAS is offered. Lastly, proposed future research directions and insights are included.

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Section: Referencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…where ∆ f IF is the minimum allowable difference between beat frequencies corresponding to two closely spaced objects at a minimum possible distance, ∆R, away from each other. Modifying (16) accordingly and plugging into (17) gives us the following:…”

Section: Maximum Range and Range Resolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards mmWave Altimetry for UAS: Exploring the Potential of 77 GHz Automotive Radars

Awan,

Dalveren,

Kara

et al. 2024

Drones

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Seat-Occupancy Detection System and Breathing Rate Monitoring Based on a Low-Cost mm-Wave Radar at 60 GHz

et al. 2021

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This work presents a seat-occupancy detection system based on a PCR (Pulsed Coherent Radar) at the unlicensed 60 GHz ISM band. The radar can measure distances with sub-millimeter resolution. Therefore, the system can detect the presence of people occupying the seats by measuring small movements of the body, such as those produced by breathing. In consequence, the system not only measures seatoccupancy but also breathing rate, which is estimated from the amplitude peaks after filtering the amplitude measured by the radar to remove the noise. The effect of the car vibrations and random body movement is experimentally studied. Measurements performed with adults, as well as with a baby emulator sitting in a child seat, are presented. Comparison of the system with another that measures the breath based on airflow shows good agreement and permits its validation.

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Opportunities and challenges in RCS measurement of 9‐mm bullet model with 77 GHz mmwave COTS radar systems

Cited by 2 publications

References 9 publications

Towards mmWave Altimetry for UAS: Exploring the Potential of 77 GHz Automotive Radars

Towards mmWave Altimetry for UAS: Exploring the Potential of 77 GHz Automotive Radars

Seat-Occupancy Detection System and Breathing Rate Monitoring Based on a Low-Cost mm-Wave Radar at 60 GHz

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