Opportunities and Challenges of Adolescent and Adult Vaccination Administration Within Pharmacies in the United States

Islam, Jessica Y.; Gruber, Joann F.; Lockhart, Alexandre; Kunwar, Manju; Wilson, Spencer; Smith, Stephanie; Brewer, Noel T.; Smith, Jennifer S.

doi:10.1177/1178222617692538

Cited by 31 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…We also achieved a modest cooperation rate for the physician survey, which is a common challenge for physician surveys (28) and may limit the representativeness of our surveyed physicians. In addition, the interpretations of our findings should be limited in lieu of the fact that we did not survey community pharmacists who may express additional considerations that would increase their provision of HPV vaccine, including insurance coverage of vaccination and having appropriate space to immunize (29). We also cannot presume that physician and parent support of expanded pharmacist vaccination practice will translate into actual use of these pharmacy-located services.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Support for Pharmacist-Provided HPV Vaccination: National Surveys of U.S. Physicians and Parents

Shah

Calo

Marciniak

et al. 2018

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

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State laws about pharmacists providing human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines vary considerably, limiting many pharmacists' ability to provide this important cancer prevention service. We characterized physician and parent support for pharmacist-provided HPV vaccination for adolescents who are past due for vaccination. In 2014 to 2015, we conducted two national U.S. surveys of 776 primary care physicians (PCPs) and 1,504 parents of adolescents. Respondents indicated the extent to which they supported pharmacist-provided HPV vaccination for 13- to 17-year-olds who are past due. Respondents could endorse the provision unconditionally, or only if certain conditions were met, such as pharmacists receiving proper vaccination training. We used multivariable logistic regression to assess correlates of support. Most physicians (79%) and parents (81%) endorsed pharmacist-provided HPV vaccination if pharmacists had received proper vaccination training, reported vaccine doses to adolescents' PCP, and referred adolescents to PCPs for other health services. Family medicine physicians were more likely than pediatricians to support trained pharmacists providing HPV vaccination [OR = 1.62; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.17-2.22]. Support was also higher among physicians who practiced in Western states (OR = 2.11; 95% CI, 1.30-3.40). Parents' odds of endorsing trained pharmacists provision of HPV vaccine increased with higher overall satisfaction with their pharmacy's services (OR = 1.10; 95% CI, 1.02-1.19), belief in pharmacists' competence in vaccination practices (OR = 1.42; 95% CI, 1.18-1.70), and overall vaccine confidence (OR = 1.30; 95% CI, 1.15-1.48). To increase support for HPV vaccination services, pharmacists should raise awareness about their immunization training and standardize vaccination protocols that ensure coordination with primary care. Stakeholders' feedback and buy-in is important to help guide expansion of HPV vaccination in pharmacies. .

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Support for Pharmacist-Provided HPV Vaccination: National Surveys of U.S. Physicians and Parents

Shah

Calo

Marciniak

et al. 2018

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

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“…In 2017, we presented data on pharmacists' perspective of opportunities and challenges of in-pharmacy vaccine administration to adolescents and adults. 18 Here, we focus on HPV vaccination among adolescents, and explore pharmacists' insights into barriers and facilitators of providing HPV vaccination in pharmacy settings.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacist insights into adolescent human papillomavirus vaccination provision in the United States

Islam

Gruber

Kepka

et al. 2019

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics

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HPV vaccination coverage in the United States (US) falls short of the Healthy People 2020 goal of 80% coverage among 13-15 year-old adolescents. Pharmacies are a promising alternative vaccine delivery site that may increase access to HPV vaccination. Our objective was to assess pharmacists' insights into HPV vaccination provision to adolescents. We recruited 40 licensed pharmacists in eight states with different pharmacy vaccination laws: Alabama, California, Indiana, Kentucky, Maine, Tennessee, Texas, and Washington. Eligible pharmacists either previously provided or were currently providing HPV, tetanusdiphtheria-pertussis, or meningococcal vaccines to adolescents aged 9-17 years. Pharmacists were administered a semi-structured survey to explore insights into HPV vaccination provision. Forty-five percent of surveyed pharmacies offered HPV vaccination to adolescents. Pharmacists' reported challenges to providing HPV vaccination were parental consent (28%), tracking and patient recall (17%), perceived stigma of vaccination (17%), and education about or promotion of vaccination (17%). Pharmacists offering HPV vaccination sent patient reminders for vaccines with multiple doses (89%) and utilized telephone reminders (72%). Pharmacists informed patients' primary care providers of HPV vaccination doses most commonly through fax (72%) and updating electronic medical records (22%). One-third of pharmacists reported vaccination provision using the state immunization information system (IIS). Seventy-five percent reported vaccination rates could be increased at their respective pharmacy. Pharmacies are underutilized, although highly accessible, for HPV vaccination in the US. National efforts should expand educational programs to improve public awareness of in-pharmacy HPV vaccination, and improve the utilization of state IIS for reporting immunization coverage of adolescents by pharmacists.

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“…For this initiative to work optimally, funded provision from all pharmacies, particularly in high-need areas, including remote areas, would help. Barriers to pharmacies offering vaccinations include sufficient funding, the need for training, and staff time [49,54,61,62]. In NZ, only influenza vaccination for specific patient groups is funded in pharmacies nationally.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Qualitative Study of Views and Experiences of Women and Health Care Professionals about Free Maternal Vaccinations Administered at Community Pharmacies

Gauld

Martin²,

Sinclair

et al. 2020

Vaccines

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Background: A policy to extend funding of maternal pregnancy influenza and pertussis vaccinations to community pharmacies could address low pregnancy vaccine uptake. The policy has been implemented in one region in New Zealand. This study explored the views and experiences of women eligible for the vaccines and health care professionals regarding funded maternal vaccinations in pharmacy. Methods: Women in late pregnancy or with an infant, and midwives, pharmacists, and general practice staff were selected purposively and interviewed regarding maternal vaccinations and the new policy, including their awareness and views of the funded vaccinations in pharmacies, and how this policy worked in practice. Enablers and barriers to vaccination by pharmacists were explored. Interviews were transcribed and analysed using a framework approach. Results: Fifty-three interviews were conducted. Most women and health care professionals viewed funded maternal vaccinations in pharmacies positively with respect to increasing awareness and providing delivery options. Many women received messages from pharmacies. Most pharmacies used posters, leaflets and/or verbal explanation to pregnant women to raise awareness of the vaccinations. Not all pharmacies provided these vaccinations, and frontline staff could help to raise awareness. Conclusion: Funded maternal vaccinations in pharmacies are generally well accepted and provide an opportunity to increase uptake and prevent disease.

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Opportunities and Challenges of Adolescent and Adult Vaccination Administration Within Pharmacies in the United States

Cited by 31 publications

References 19 publications

Support for Pharmacist-Provided HPV Vaccination: National Surveys of U.S. Physicians and Parents

Support for Pharmacist-Provided HPV Vaccination: National Surveys of U.S. Physicians and Parents

Pharmacist insights into adolescent human papillomavirus vaccination provision in the United States

A Qualitative Study of Views and Experiences of Women and Health Care Professionals about Free Maternal Vaccinations Administered at Community Pharmacies

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