Opportunities and challenges of hole transport materials for high‐performance inverted hybrid‐perovskite solar cells

Abstract

Inverted perovskite solar cells (inverted-PSCs) have exhibited advantages of longer stability, less hysteresis, and lower fabrication temperature when compared to their regular counterparts, which are important for industry commercialization. Because of the great efforts that have been conducted in the past several years, the obtained efficiency of inverted-PSCs has almost caught up with that of the regular ones, 25.0% versus 25.7%. In this perspective, the recent studies on the design of high-performance inverted-PSCs based on diverse hole transport materials, as well as device fabrication and characterization are first reviewed. After that, the authors moved on to the interface and additive engineering that were exploited to suppress the nonradiative recombination. Finally, the challenges and possible research pathways for facilitating the industrialization of inverted-PSCs were envisaged.

A review on conventional perovskite solar cells with organic dopant-free hole-transport materials: roles of chemical structures and interfacial materials in efficient devices

“…Owing to the limited π conjugation, spiro-OMeTAD's LUMO energy level (around −2.2 eV) can be 1 eV higher than the VBM of most MHPs. 25 Thus, the back-transfer of electrons will not be a problem in the device with doped spiro-OMeTAD. As compared to spiro-OMeTAD, organic dopant-free HTMs are generally featured with lower LUMO energy levels due to their narrow bandgaps.…”

“…[20][21][22][23] At the same time, doped spiro-OMeTAD remains the state-of-art HTM for conventional PSCs, 15,16 which is in contrast to the rapid development of HTMs for inverted PSCs. 24,25 The hole mobility of undoped spiro-OMeTAD films is generally around 10 À5 cm 2 V À1 s À1 , 26 resulting in significant charge transport loss in PSCs. 27 Upon the incorporation of dopants and additives, which are typically lithium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)-imide (Li-TFSI) and tert-butyl pyridine (TBP) (Fig.…”

Ecofriendly Mn3O4 as a Novel Hole Transport Material for Efficient and Ultrastable Flexible and Rigid Perovskite Solar Cells

“…Organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite has been hailed as the next generation of new photovoltaic (PV) technology due to its excellent optoelectronic properties. – At present, the photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE) of perovskite solar cells (PSCs), which is a research hotspot, has broken through to 25.8% and produces the potential to be further improved . Undoubtedly, the PSCs as a novel PV technology are already comparable to commercial silicon and thin-film solar cells in terms of PCE. , However, it is worth noting that the poor stability of PSCs in the actual environment is the primary obstacle restricting commercial applications .…”

Understanding the improvement mechanism of plasma etching treatment on oxygen reduction reaction catalysts

“…[5][6][7][8] However, the low reserves and high price of the Pt metal seriously hinder its widespread commercial applications. [9][10][11] have been reported. [18][19][20][21] Several effective synthesis methods and activity improvement strategies have been proposed to optimize the electrocatalytic activity and stability of M-N-C catalysts.…”