Opportunities and Challenges of Renewable Energy Production in Ethiopia

Tiruye, Girum Ayalneh; Besha, Abreham Tesfaye; Mekonnen, Yedilfana Setarge; Benti, Natei Ermias; Gebreslase, Gebrehiwet Abrham; Tufa, Ramato Ashu

doi:10.3390/su131810381

Cited by 64 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Based on this data, the adoption of ICS increased greatly in recent periods and the rate of adoption of electric users is greater than that of non-users. As corroborated by Abebe & Koch [33], the adoption speed of ICS also increased with the increased income and varies across regions.…”

Section: Duration Of Ics Adopted By Households and Fuel Consumption T...mentioning

confidence: 70%

“…48.27% of the total population has access to electricity in Ethiopia, with a current production of 4284 MW, where the domestic energy consumption amounted to 92% of the energy supply, where waste and biomass are the primary sources of energy amounting to 92.4% of Ethiopia's energy supply, where 84% of urban households used biomass, and 63.3% used traditional threestone stoves as their primary stove [18,[30][31][32][33]. The use of stoves such as flat Mitad 2 and Fermelo 3 requires low initial cost, which is highly consistent with consumers' preferences, i.e., ease of use and relatively wide availability [25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Adoption of improved cook stoves by households in informal settlements of Woreda 12, Yeka subcity, Addis Ababa

2022

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Background This study analyzed the factors affecting the use of improved cook stoves (ICS) in informal settlements of Addis Ababa based on the data generated from 450 households drawn from Woreda (Woreda is a local term used to describe the lowest administrative unit of Addis Ababa City Administration, Ethiopia.) 12 of Yeka subcity. It examined the interactive effect of households’ socio-economic backgrounds and energy sources on the adoption of ICS. The data were analyzed using descriptive methods and the multinomial logit model. Results Demographic and economic factors such as sex of the household head,[Household head is the one who has an income and decision-making power in family affairs (a husband for married people)], family size and family income have no relationships with households’ ICS use while education level, number of years lived in the area, type of home owned, and stove-operating costs have a significant influence on the choice of an ICS. Households that live in a good home (made from wood and cement) used more Mirt (Mirt is an improved firewood stove mainly used to bake Injera and bread.) and Lakech [Lakech also called Tikikil is an improved charcoal stove used to cook different kinds of dishes (non-Injera)] stoves than the traditional three-stone stoves. On the other hand, household heads with higher levels of education and who have lived more than 7 years in the area in a better home owned more ICS than the traditional three-stone stoves. Conclusions The availability, affordability, durability and simplicity to operate stoves, and subsidies affect the choice of an ICS. Energy sources that are commonly used by households in informal settlements also have a strong influence on the choice of energy-efficient stoves. Compared to ICS, heavy use of traditional three-stone stoves by households that already have access to electricity, directs government policies to focus on providing reliable electric service and subsidize those using ICS.

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Section: Duration Of Ics Adopted By Households and Fuel Consumption T...mentioning

confidence: 70%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adoption of improved cook stoves by households in informal settlements of Woreda 12, Yeka subcity, Addis Ababa

2022

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“…Nowadays, various wastes are sustainably recycled into useful products, for example, energy-efficient brick 1 , packaging 2 , agricultural use 3 , and make different bioenergy systems 4 , 5 such as bioethanol 5 , 6 , biodiesel 7 , 8 , biogas 9 , and briquette production 10 . To enable the sustainable development of energy supply and mitigate greenhouse gas emissions, biogas production through anaerobic digestion from various feedstocks such as crops, residues, and wastes (industrial, agricultural, and municipal wastes) plays a key role 11 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental and simulation analysis of biogas production from beverage wastewater sludge for electricity generation

Admasu

Bogale

Mekonnen

2022

Sci Rep

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This study assessed the biogas and methane production potential of wastewater sludge generated from the beverage industry. The optimization of the biogas production potential of a single fed-batch anaerobic digester was operated at different temperatures (25, 35, and 45 ℃), pH (5.5, 6.5, 7.5, 8.5, and 9.5), and organic feeding ratio (1:3, 1:4, 1:5, and 1:6) with a hydraulic retention time of 30 days. The methane and biogas productivity of beverage wastewater sludge in terms of volatile solid (VS) and volume was determined. The maximum production of biogas (15.4 m3/g VS, 9.3 m3) and methane content (6.3 m3/g VS, 3.8 m3) were obtained in terms of VS and volume at 8.5, 35 ℃, 1:3 of optimal pH, temperature, and organic loading ratio, respectively. Furthermore, the maximum methane content (7.4 m3/g VS, 4.4 m3) and biogas production potential (17.9 m3/g VS, 10.8 m3) were achieved per day at room temperature. The total biogas and methane at 35 ℃ (30 days) are 44.3 and 10.8 m3/g VS, respectively, while at 25 ℃ (48 days) increased to 67.3 and 16.1 m3/g VS, respectively. Furthermore, the electricity-generating potential of biogas produced at room temperature (22.1 kWh at 24 days) and optimum temperature (18.9 kWh) at 40 days was estimated. The model simulated optimal HRT (25 days) in terms of biogas and methane production at optimum temperature was in good agreement with the experimental results. Thus, we can conclude that the beverage industrial wastewater sludge has a huge potential for biogas production and electrification.

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“…Nowadays, the advancement of renewable energy such as hydropower, wind, geothermal, and solar energy is growing. However, a large percentage of the energy is still dominated by fossil fuels [1]. The global electricity generation is 22.5 trillion kWh in 2020, and it is predictable to rise by 57% in 2040 [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Partial substitution of feldspar by alkaline-rich materials in the electrical porcelain insulator for reduction of processing temperature

Beyene

Tiruneh²,

Andoshe³

et al. 2022

Mater. Res. Express

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Porcelain is the most widely used overhead power-line insulator. The demands for porcelain insulators have increased dramatically owing to a sharp increase in the electric power demand and supply. Usually, porcelain production demands high sintering temperatures. Herein, an electrical porcelain insulator was produced from Bombowha clay and Arero quartz and partially replaced feldspar with sodium carbonate at a reduced processing temperature. The porcelain samples were prepared by fixing the clay and quartz amount 45 and 10 wt%, respectively, and the portion of feldspar was replaced by 5, 7.5, and 10 wt% of alkaline-rich sodium carbonate. The desired composition was milled, shaped, and finally sintered at 1000, 1100, and 1200 °C. The XRD and SEM results show the early formation of quartz and mullite phases at 1000 °C, which determine the mechanical and dielectric strengths of the porcelains. The dielectric strength of the samples increases with increasing the alkaline-rich sodium carbonate content owing to the vitrification and needle-shaped mullite formation. The porcelain sample with 10 wt% of Na2CO3 content and a sintering temperature of 1200 °C has an optimum dielectric strength of 7.60 kV mm−1.

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Opportunities and Challenges of Renewable Energy Production in Ethiopia

Cited by 64 publications

References 47 publications

Adoption of improved cook stoves by households in informal settlements of Woreda 12, Yeka subcity, Addis Ababa

Adoption of improved cook stoves by households in informal settlements of Woreda 12, Yeka subcity, Addis Ababa

Experimental and simulation analysis of biogas production from beverage wastewater sludge for electricity generation

Partial substitution of feldspar by alkaline-rich materials in the electrical porcelain insulator for reduction of processing temperature

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