“…Like firm networks in Northeast-Central Italy, Southern California and other “new industrial districts” that achieved stability amidst mass job loss in the 1980s, makers draw on urban agglomerations. Cities offer many production assets external to the firm, including low-cost production equipment, specialized design knowledge, dedicated commercial real estate, and manufacturing advocacy institutions devoted to helping makers develop and sell products (Piore and Sabel, 1986; Scott, 1988b; Teece, 1986, Wolf-Powers et al, 2016). 1 Beyond the shared traits of small size and reliance on network resources, however, makers differ substantially from the small manufacturing firms featured in the literature on new industrial districts.…”