Opportunities and strategies for multigrade waste heat utilization in various industries: A recent review

Su, Zixiang; Zhang, Mingliang; Xu, Peihang; Zhao, Zhongkai; Wang, Zhiping; Huang, Haozhong; Ouyang, Tiancheng

doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2020.113769

Cited by 144 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 166 publications

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“…Despite our continuous efforts to discover and develop various energy sources, we easily overlook the fact that about 67% of the energy we use is wasted in the form of heat. 1,2 Since thermoelectric (TE) materials can directly convert wasted heat sources into electricity, these materials and devices adapting TE materials have been considered as one of the smartest solutions for energy-recycling purposes. 3−5 Among the numerous candidates for this TE application, the Zintl phase is considered an excellent candidate with respect to its intrinsically semiconducting property and complex crystal structure, both of which are required for good TE candidates.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

p-Type to n-Type Conversion through the “Bypass” Phase Transition in the Zintl-Phase Thermoelectric Materials

Yeon

Sein

et al. 2021

Chem. Mater.

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Six rare-earth (RE) metal-doped n-type Zintl-phase thermoelectric (TE) compounds in the Ca 5−x−y Yb x RE y Al 2 Sb 6 (RE = Pr, Nd, and Sm; 1.26 ≤ x ≤ 3.03; 0.15 ≤ y ≤ 0.45) system have been prepared using arc melting followed by the post-heat treatment, and the isotypic and homotypic crystal structures were carefully determined by the powder and single-crystal analyses. Six title compounds adopted either the Ca 5 Al 2 Bi 6 -type or Ca 5 Ga 2 As 6 -type phase in the orthorhombic Pbam space group (Z = 2, Pearson code oP26) with seven crystallographically independent atomic sites. Interestingly, the Yb-rich compounds originally crystallized in the Ca 5 Al 2 Bi 6 -type phase and maintained their structure type even after the post-heat treatment. On the other hand, the Ca-rich compounds with particular compositions adopted the Ca 5 Al 2 Bi 6 -type phase first and then underwent phase transition to the Ca 5 Ga 2 As 6 -type phase after the post-heat treatment at the high temperature. Moreover, this single-crystal to single-crystal phase transition also brought the p-type to n-type conversion of electrical transport property for the two Ca 5 Ga 2 As 6 -type title compoundsCa 3.46 Yb 1.35 Pr 0.19 Al 2 Sb 6 and Ca 3.30 Yb 1.50 Sm 0.20 Al 2 Sb 6 according to Seebeck coefficient measurements. As far as we understand, this study is the first example of producing novel n-type Zintl TE compounds by the "bypass" method through the p-type to n-type conversion of identical Zintl compounds in the A 5 M 2 Pn 6 (A = Ca, Sr, Eu, and Yb; M = Al, Ga, In; Pn = As, Sb, and Bi) system. Theoretical calculations conducted for the three hypothetical models rationalized the specific site preference of RE and the overall electronic structures. Hall effect measurements proved the n-type carrier, and the carrier concentration and carrier mobility of this Ca 5 Ga 2 As 6 -type Ca 3.46 Yb 1.35 Pr 0.19 Al 2 Sb 6 were also evaluated.

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Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

p-Type to n-Type Conversion through the “Bypass” Phase Transition in the Zintl-Phase Thermoelectric Materials

Yeon

Sein

et al. 2021

Chem. Mater.

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“…Recent reviews and studies have analyzed various processes for their potential of waste heat. 29,30 Chillers used for cooling also have an environmental impact, they vary in their method of operation depending on the type of cooling medium used. Chillers operating on refrigerant have significant contributions to global warming due to two main reasons: the release of refrigerants and emissions of greenhouse gases by associated energy use.…”

Section: Environmental Impactmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multistage carbon dioxide compressor efficiency enhancement using waste heat powered absorption chillers

Haq

Uddin

Taqvi

et al. 2021

Energy Science & Engineering

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“…Industry energy demand has been on the rise in recent decades; even as equipment specifications and process operation have improved, inefficiencies in the conversion and utilization of process energy remain a significant factor for the reduction in energy consumption [4]. Exergy represents the amount of useful work that can be obtained from a system when it is brought into thermodynamic equilibrium with the environment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermodynamic Analysis of Waste Vegetable Oil Conversion to Biodiesel with Solar Energy

et al. 2022

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Exergy and energy analyses of two biodiesel production processes that integrate solar energy as the main energy source were developed to determine the process with the higher efficiency from an energy and exergy approach. The biodiesel production processes were simulated in ASPEN PLUS®, and the solar energy supply was studied in TRNSYS®, using EXCEL® simultaneously for the exergetic analysis. The solar thermal energy collection system can supply 81% of the energy required by the alkali process in the Flash separation equipment. For the supercritical process, solar thermal energy can supply 74.5% of the energy in the preheating and separation stages. The energy efficiency of the supercritical process is higher; nevertheless, the exergetic efficiency of the alkaline process is higher than the supercritical one. Solar collection systems contribute from 85% to 93% of the exergy destroyed by the global process for both cases. The alkaline biodiesel production process has the highest advantages when using solar energy as the main source of energy, compared to a process in supercritical conditions that presents greater irreversibilities and requires more infrastructure to collect the solar resource. However, using solar energy as the foremost energy source offers an alternative to fossil fuels, and it provides an environmental benefit concurrently with the use of biodiesel.

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Opportunities and strategies for multigrade waste heat utilization in various industries: A recent review

Cited by 144 publications

References 166 publications

p-Type to n-Type Conversion through the “Bypass” Phase Transition in the Zintl-Phase Thermoelectric Materials

p-Type to n-Type Conversion through the “Bypass” Phase Transition in the Zintl-Phase Thermoelectric Materials

Multistage carbon dioxide compressor efficiency enhancement using waste heat powered absorption chillers

Thermodynamic Analysis of Waste Vegetable Oil Conversion to Biodiesel with Solar Energy

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